Plant Diversity in a Constructed Wetland for Pollutant Parameter Processing on Leachate: A Review

Abstract

The increase in urban solid waste has become a massive burden on society resulting in the environmental and economic problems, particularly in terms of poor solid waste management (Luo et al., 2020). Ninety-five percent of urban solid waste worldwide is disposed of in landfills (Gao et al., 2014). Landfills provoke several risks, as wastes may release harmful elements into the environment. The leachate from landfill remains a critical problem, because it may pose a threats to land, surface water, and groundwater (Yan et al., 2015). Factors such as area conditions, age, type of waste, and operation of the landfill can vary the content of the landfill (Fang et al., 2017). Countries with tropical climate produce more organic wastes (Idris et al., 2004). The content of organic substance in wastewater is represented by the values of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). The BOD and COD values are used to determine the degradation rate of landfill leachate (Barlaz et al., 2002;Borglin et al., 2004). The values of BOD/COD leachate ratio in tropical regions are 0.03-0.74 higher than in other regions. In general, the BOD/ COD ratio values in tropical regions are BOD> 100 g/m 3 and COD> 500 g/m 3 in landfill leachate. Bakhshoodeh et al., (2020) showed that the content of organic substance in leachate is toxic to microbial activities.Conventional leachate processing is classified into three major groups, those are 1) chemicalphysical process, 2) biological process, and 3)

Remediation of Leachate-Metal-Contaminated Soil Using Selected Bacterial Consortia

“…The information was analysed to derive the percentage removal of toxic metals from each treatment. This is expressed in Equation (1).…”

“…Consequently, municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are designed and located to reduce these environmental and economic issues. Approximately 95% of urban solid waste worldwide is disposed of in landfills [1]. Landfills are commonly used worldwide to minimize waste accumulation, with both biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste being deposited in landfills [2].…”

“…Landfills are commonly used worldwide to minimize waste accumulation, with both biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste being deposited in landfills [2]. However, landfills pose several risks as waste may release harmful elements into the environment [1]. Leachate is a liquid substance that results from the decomposition of waste materials in landfills [3].…”

Performance of Reactive Nitrogen in Leachate Treatment in Constructed Wetlands

“…Landfill leachate is defined as liquid waste resulting from the percolation of rainwater through solid waste discharged into landfills, as well as moisture present in waste and waste degradation products (Costa et al, 2019;Arliyani et al, 2021). The amount of leachate produced is mainly influenced by rainfall, evapotranspiration, surface runoff, groundwater infiltration, and the level of compaction in the landfill (Miao et al, 2019).…”

Enhanced leachate phytodetoxification test combined with plants and rhizobacteria bioaugmentation

“…[ 135 ] using Sinapsis alba L. and Lemna minor L. as bioindicators to measure the toxicity of leachate. However, it remains unknown whether or not the maximum ability of plants to tolerate leachate is where the leachate content varies in different places, hence, a toxicity test is necessary [ 15 ]. Phytotoxicity testing contains several parameters that can be analyzed: fresh weight, changes in the shoot or root length during testing, or physical observations such as chlorosis, yellowing of leaves, and cupping of leaves [ 30 , 110 ].…”