Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Isolated from the Jujube (Ziziphus lotus) Plant Enhance Wheat Growth, Zn Uptake, and Heavy Metal Tolerance

Abstract

In recent years, the low Zn content of wheat has become critical. Consequently, solutions that can improve the Zn nutrition of wheat are highly researched. In the present investigation, we aimed to evaluate the potential benefits of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from Ziziphus lotus on wheat seedling growth. Based on the phosphate-solubilizing criteria, four isolated strains, J16, J143, J146, and J158, were identified by 16SrRNA gene sequencing as Pseudomonas moraviensis, Bacillus halotolerans, Enterobacter hormaechei, and Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis, respectively. Studies of the conventional properties of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) showed that E. hormaechei J146 produced up to 550 mg·L−1 of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Siderophores and ammonia were produced by all strains but cellulase was restricted to B. halotolerans J143, whereas proteases were missing in E. hormaechei J146 and P. frederiksbergensis J158. E. hormaechei J146 tolerate up to 1.5 mg·L−1 of copper and cadmium, while B. halotolerans J143 withstood 1.5 mg·L−1 of nickel. Strains B. halotolerant J143, E. hormaechei J146, and P. frederiksbergensis J158 remarkably improved wheat seed germination, plant growth, and Zn absorption. Lastly, nutrient measurement revealed that a wheat plant inoculated with E. hormaechei J146 and P. frederiksbergensis J158 increased its nitrogen and potassium uptake by up to 17%.

Biofertilizers: An ecofriendly technology for nutrient recycling and environmental sustainability

“… Nitrogen fixation, siderophore and IAA production, P solubilisation Increased vegetative parameters and seed yield in mung bean Alkurtany et al, 2018 Rhizobium meliloti Nitrogen fixation, production of siderophore and chitinase Increased growth and yield, pods quality and better use of nitrogen in peanut Mondal et al, 2020 Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) Pseudomonas stutzeri (CSP03), Bacillus subtilis (TTP02), Pseudomonas putida (PHP03) Solubilization of P and zinc, IAA, N 2 fixation, siderophore, NH 3 production Enhanced plant growth in arid soils El-Sayed et al, 2014 Alcaligenes faecalis sub sp. faecalis str S8 P solubilization, production of IAA, hydrogen cyanide, chitinolytic, proteolytic and pectinolytic enzymes Better growth, increased root weight and length, plant height and aerial plant part weight Abdallah et al, 2016 Bacillus subtilis LK14 P solubilization, production of IAA Enhanced host plant's nutrient uptake and amelioration of stress Khan et al, 2016 R. leguminosarum Pseudomonas moraviensis , Bacillus halotolerans, Enterobacter hormaechei and Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis P solubilisation P solubilization, production of IAA, Siderophores, cellulase, ammonia and metal tolerance Improved growth and yield, and better resistance against drought in soybean improved wheat seed germination, plant growth, nitrogen and potassium uptake, and Zn absorption Igiehon et al, 2019 ; Fahsi et al, 2021 Potassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) Bacillus edaphicus strain NBT Potassium solubilisation Increased root and shoot Growth, and K content in cotton and rape Sheng, 2005 Bacillus muciloginosus Potassium solubilisation Increased the plant biomass, yield and uptake of K in Sudan grass Basak and Biswas, 2008 Acidothiobacillus ferooxidans Bacillus cereus Potassium solubilization Potassium solubilization Increased growth and yield, improved oil composition in pumpkinIncreased plant height, branc...…”

Impact of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria on Soil Enzyme Activity and Plant Vigor in Four Wheat Genotypes

“…A similar increase in phosphorous uptake in wheat plants with PSB application has been observed earlier also (Rezakhan 2019). PGPR strains isolated from Jujibe ( ) enhance wheat Ziziphus lotus growth (Fahsi et al 2021).…”

Overview of biofertilizers in crop production and stress management for sustainable agriculture

“…improved plant growth parameters via P solubilization and IAA production (Abdallah et al, 2016 ). Rhizobium leguminosarum and Pseudomonas moraviensis enhanced the yield and growth of wheat plants and showed IAA and solubilization (Igiehon et al, 2019 ; Fahsi et al, 2021 ). Application of Arbuscular fungi can make greater availability of P in plants and protects them from stress condition as reported by Nacoon et al ( 2020 ).…”