Plant-mediated effects in insect–pathogen interactions

Cory, Jenny S.; Hoover, Kelli

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.02.005

Cited by 244 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The effects of host plant chemistry in tritrophic interactions have been studied mainly in herbaceous plants and in insect-pathogen systems (reviewed in Cory and Hoover 2006). Often, individual phenolic compounds in food inhibit viral infection (Felton et al 1987;Keating et al 1990;Young et al 1995;Hoover et al 1998) but not always (Roth et al 1997;Lindroth et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliar Phenolics are Differently Associated with Epirrita autumnata Growth and Immunocompetence

et al. 2007

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The quality of available food may affect insect herbivores directly (via growth and survivorship) and/or indirectly (by modifying insect vulnerability to parasitoids and pathogens). We examined the relationship between different phenolic compounds, belonging to various phenolic groups, in Betula pubescens spp. czerepanovii (mountain birch) foliage and the larval performance of the geometrid Epirrita autumnata (autumnal moth). Direct effects on insect performance were described by pupal weight, developmental rate, and survivorship; indirect effects were described by the encapsulation rate of an implant inserted into the insect hemocoel, a commonly used way to describe insect immune defense. We found profound differences in the effects of different phenolic categories: several individual hydrolyzable tannins were associated positively with larval performance but negatively with level of immune defense, whereas flavonoid glycosides were inversely related to larval survival but showed no association with the larvae immune defense.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliar Phenolics are Differently Associated with Epirrita autumnata Growth and Immunocompetence

et al. 2007

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“…For example, dilution effects on disease transmission are essentially density-mediated effects in which numerical changes in the relative abundance of competent hosts affect disease transmission [4]. Likewise, trait-mediated indirect effects on host quality, size and behaviour can be equally important [3,[5][6][7][8]45]. Among the factors that influence host-parasite interactions, host diet quality can play a particularly significant role because it can affect host growth rate, immune function and foraging behaviour [7,24,26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dietary secondary metabolites can affect host resistance to parasites through many mechanisms [5]. First, they can directly reduce parasite numbers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, decreases in the density of parasite-competent hosts in the presence of incompetent competitors can reduce parasite prevalence [4]. Alternatively, indirect effects can be trait-mediated, wherein changes in host quality and behaviour influence parasite replication, virulence and transmission [5,6]. For example, when feeding on low-quality phytoplankton, Daphnia reduce their foraging activity, leading to lower disease transmission [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Below-ground organisms, such as root symbiotic fungi and decomposers, can change plant quality and, therefore, have a profound impact on above-ground herbivore and predator performance [11][12][13][14][15], biodiversity [10] and ecosystem processes [16]. Additionally, food plants can change herbivore quality and immune function, and/or interfere directly with parasite infection or growth [5,17,18]. The important yet missing link is the connection between below-ground organisms and above-ground host -parasite interactions through changes in plant traits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disease ecology across soil boundaries: effects of below-ground fungi on above-ground host–parasite interactions

et al. 2015

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Host-parasite interactions are subject to strong trait-mediated indirect effects from other species. However, it remains unexplored whether such indirect effects may occur across soil boundaries and connect spatially isolated organisms. Here, we demonstrate that, by changing plant (milkweed Asclepias sp.) traits, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) significantly affect interactions between a herbivore (the monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus) and its protozoan parasite (Ophryocystis elektroscirrha), which represents an interaction across four biological kingdoms. In our experiment, AMF affected parasite virulence, host resistance and host tolerance to the parasite. These effects were dependent on both the density of AMF and the identity of milkweed species: AMF indirectly increased disease in monarchs reared on some species, while alleviating disease in monarchs reared on other species. The speciesspecificity was driven largely by the effects of AMF on both plant primary ( phosphorus) and secondary (cardenolides; toxins in milkweeds) traits. Our study demonstrates that trait-mediated indirect effects in disease ecology are extensive, such that below-ground interactions between AMF and plant roots can alter host-parasite interactions above ground. In general, soil biota may play an underappreciated role in the ecology of many terrestrial host-parasite systems.

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