Plant pathogens in recycled irrigation water in commercial plant nurseries and greenhouses: their detection and management

Stewart-Wade, Sally M.

doi:10.1007/s00271-011-0285-1

Cited by 110 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…This has provided an alternative for plant growers who face soil-related problems. On the other hand, the use of circulating nutrient solutions in hydroponic systems might facilitate the rapid spread of water-transmissible plant pathogens throughout a whole crop, which can increase the chances of epidemics if this is not managed appropriately (1). As with fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, and nematodes, the presence of several plant viruses in water has also been confirmed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Survival and Transmission of Potato Virus Y, Pepino Mosaic Virus, and Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid in Water

Mehle

Gutiérrez-Aguirre

Prezelj

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Hydroponic systems and intensive irrigation are used widely in horticulture and thus have the potential for rapid spread of water-transmissible plant pathogens. Numerous plant viruses have been reported to occur in aqueous environments, although information on their survival and transmission is minimal, due mainly to the lack of effective detection methods and to the complexity of the required transmission experiments. We have assessed the role of water as a source of plant infection using three mechanically transmissible plant pathogens that constitute a serious threat to tomato and potato production: pepino mosaic virus (PepMV), potato virus Y (PVY), and potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd). PepMV remains infectious in water at 20 ؎ 4°C for up to 3 weeks, PVY (NTN strain) for up to 1 week, and PSTVd for up to 7 weeks. Experiments using a hydroponic system show that PepMV (Ch2 genotype) and PVY (NTN strain) can be released from plant roots into the nutrient solution and can infect healthy plants through their roots, ultimately spreading to the green parts, where they can be detected after a few months. In addition, tubers developed on plants grown in substrate watered with PSTVd-infested water were confirmed to be the source of viroid infection. Our data indicate that although well-known pathways of virus spread are more rapid than water-mediated infection, like insect or mechanical transmission through leaves, water is a route that provides a significant bridge for rapid virus/ viroid spread. Consequently, water should be taken into account in future epidemiology and risk assessment studies.

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mentioning

confidence: 88%

Survival and Transmission of Potato Virus Y, Pepino Mosaic Virus, and Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid in Water

Mehle

Gutiérrez-Aguirre

Prezelj

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…El agua recirculada infestada dentro y entre viveros favorece la dispersión de propágulos de Phytophthora en forma de zoosporas, a plantas sanas y a zonas donde no se encontraba (MacDonald et al, 1994;Stewart-Wade, 2011). Por lo que, los protocolos eficaces para detectar a este oomicete en agua de riego son esenciales.…”

Section: Isolation Of Phytophthoraunclassified

“…Recirculated water infested within and between nurseries favors the dispersal of Phytophthora propagules in the form of zoospores, healthy plants and areas where it was not found (MacDonald et al, 1994;Stewart-Wade, 2011). Therefore, effective protocols to detect this oomycete in irrigation water are essential.…”

Section: Aislamiento De Phytophthora De Suelo O Sustrato De Siembramentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocolos de aislamiento y diagnóstico de Phytophthora Spp.: enfoque aplicado a la investigación

Plancarte

Alvarado

Pavía

et al. 2017

Remexca

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ResumenEl propósito de esta revisión es dar a conocer al investigador, protocolos fundamentales que se emplean para el aislamiento, diagnóstico e identificación de Phytophthora spp., cubriendo aspectos generales del género para una mejor comprensión y análisis del mismo. Esta información será de utilidad para investigadores que trabajan con enfermedades causadas por este oomicete, y va dirigida a países de América Latina. Actualmente, se emplean métodos convencionales y moleculares para la detección e identificación de especies de Phytophthora. Los métodos convencionales incluyen el uso de claves taxonómicas, la observación de síntomas y detección de signos del patógeno en las plantas enfermas y el aislamiento del agente causal del tejido vegetal infectado, del suelo que rodea a las raíces y de las fuentes de agua utilizadas para el riego, usando medios de cultivo generales o selectivos. Los métodos moleculares proporcionan resultados que son más precisos en la identificación de Phytophthora, además de que se pueden realizar en lapsos de tiempo más cortos y no es indispensable que el investigador tenga experiencia en AbstractThe purpose of this review is to make known to the researcher, fundamental protocols that are used for the isolation, diagnosis and identification of Phytophthora spp., covering general aspects of the genus for a better understanding and analysis of the same. This information will be useful for researchers working with diseases caused by this oomycete, and is mainly addressed to countries in Latin America. Currently, conventional and molecular methods are used for the detection and identification of Phytophthora species. Conventional methods include the use of taxonomic keys, observation of symptoms and detection of signs of the pathogen in diseased plants, and isolation of the causative agent of infected plant tissue, soil surrounding roots and water sources used for irrigation, using general or selective culture media. Molecular methods provide results that are more accurate in Phytophthora identification and can be performed in shorter time periods and it is not essential that the researcher has experience in aspects of the morphology of members

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“…Additional information on membrane filtration can be found in Stewart-Wade 2011; Van der Bruggen et al 2003; and Zhou and Smith 2002.…”

Section: Remediation Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Use and Treatment in Container-Grown Specialty Crop Production: A Review

Majsztrik

Fernandez

Fisher

et al. 2017

Water Air Soil Pollut

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While governments and individuals strive to maintain the availability of high-quality water resources, many factors can “change the landscape” of water availability and quality, including drought, climate change, saltwater intrusion, aquifer depletion, population increases, and policy changes. Specialty crop producers, including nursery and greenhouse container operations, rely heavily on available high-quality water from surface and groundwater sources for crop production. Ideally, these growers should focus on increasing water application efficiency through proper construction and maintenance of irrigation systems, and timing of irrigation to minimize water and sediment runoff, which serve as the transport mechanism for agrichemical inputs and pathogens. Rainfall and irrigation runoff from specialty crop operations can contribute to impairment of groundwater and surface water resources both on-farm and into the surrounding environment. This review focuses on multiple facets of water use, reuse, and runoff in nursery and greenhouse production including current and future regulations, typical water contaminants in production runoff and available remediation technologies, and minimizing water loss and runoff (both on-site and off-site). Water filtration and treatment for the removal of sediment, pathogens, and agrichemicals are discussed, highlighting not only existing understanding but also knowledge gaps. Container-grown crop producers can either adopt research-based best management practices proactively to minimize the economic and environmental risk of limited access to high-quality water, be required to change by external factors such as regulations and fines, or adapt production practices over time as a result of changing climate conditions.

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Plant pathogens in recycled irrigation water in commercial plant nurseries and greenhouses: their detection and management

Cited by 110 publications

References 147 publications

Survival and Transmission of Potato Virus Y, Pepino Mosaic Virus, and Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid in Water

Survival and Transmission of Potato Virus Y, Pepino Mosaic Virus, and Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid in Water

Protocolos de aislamiento y diagnóstico de Phytophthora Spp.: enfoque aplicado a la investigación

Water Use and Treatment in Container-Grown Specialty Crop Production: A Review

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