Plant regeneration through callus initiation from mature embryo of Triticum

Abstract

The behaviour of diverse Triticum genotypes in the tissue culture response of mature embryo callus was compared, and factors affecting tissue culture response were studied in this paper. Significant differences were detected in callus induction, embryogenic callus differentiation, plantlet regeneration and culture efficiency when mature embryos of 31 plants of different Triticum species were compared. These were the main wheat cultivars of the Chinese northern wintertype wheat region and breeding lines (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), cultivable emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum Schuble) and the common wheat progenitors Triticum dicoccoides and Triticum aegilopides. The genotype dependency was particularly high in tissue culture of mature embryos of these Triticum genotypes. The efficiency of induction, differentiation and regeneration of mature embryos callus was high in genotypes selected out. Mature embryo-derived callus of HB341, TS021, SN2618, T. dicoccum, HB188, and T9817 showed better tissue culture response than the other genotypes. Plantlets can be regenerated from mature embryoderived callus of 31 genotypes, saving on growth facility resources and time required for the collection of other explants, and providing a solid basis for the genetic transformation and molecular plant breeding of Triticum plants.

Genotypic differences in callus induction and plant regeneration from mature embryos of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

“…Meanwhile, the current results prove that embryogenic callus formation and plant regenerability are also genotype-dependent. Similar results were found by Bi et al (2007). The hormone composition suitable for embryogenic callus formation and regeneration varies with genotypes, suggesting that the abilities of embryogenesis and regeneration for the callus derived from mature barley embryo may be dependent on not only hormone composition in the medium, but also on the hormone level in the callus.…”

Tissue culture efficiency of wheat species with different genomic formulas

“…Due to the relatively high frequency of embryogenic structure formation, T. diccocum 'Runo' had the highest culture efficiency of mature embryo tissues (3.41 plants/per initial explant). Generally speaking, this observation agrees with previous reports of Bi et al (2007), who found that the response of mature embryo-derived callus formation of T. diccocum was better than that of the other tetraploid (T. durum) and hexaploid (T. aestivum) wheats. On the other hand, in several other reports (Chauhan et al 2007, Chang et al 2012, Yang et al 2015) the difference between wheats with different genome composition (AABB vs. AABBDD) including T. diccocum was not clearly evident.…”

“…Until recently, many wheat species were not analyzed for plant regeneration ability in vitro; but nowadays, the interest in such studies is on the rise (Chang et al 2012, Yang et al 2015, Özgen et al 2015. Over the years, several studies have demonstrated the possibility to regenerate plants from different tissues of tetraploid emmer wheat (AABB genome) (Eapen and Rao 1982, Chauhan et al 2007, Bi et al 2007, Chang et al 2012, Yang et al 2015, diploid T. monococcum and T. urartu (AA genome) (Eudes et al 2003, Yang et al 2015. Proliferation was induced in somatic cell cultures of tetraploid timopheevii wheat (AAGG genome) and hexaploid spelt wheat (AABBDD genome), although no shoot differentiation was observed (Lazar et al 1983) or the number of regenerated plants was low (Yang et al 2015(Yang et al , Özgen et al 2015.…”

“…Proliferation was induced in somatic cell cultures of tetraploid timopheevii wheat (AAGG genome) and hexaploid spelt wheat (AABBDD genome), although no shoot differentiation was observed (Lazar et al 1983) or the number of regenerated plants was low (Yang et al 2015(Yang et al , Özgen et al 2015. Some attempts to establish reliable plant regeneration protocols using various tissues of diploid wheat species (AA genome) failed to produce positive results (Lazar et al 1983, Zale et al 2004, Bi et al 2007, Yin et al 2011). According to Yang et al (2015), plantlet regeneration by means of somatic embryogenesis represents a great obstacle for various germplasms, e.g., T. carthlicum, T. macha and T. polonicum.…”

“…The acquisition of embryogenic competence in tissues of zygotic wheat embryos was shown to depend significantly on the endogenous level of growth regulators and total contents of phenols and soluble sugars (Jiménez andBangerth 2001, Yang et al 2015). With regard to the dormancy of the mature embryos at the stage of culture initiation, the particular interaction of the medium and other environmental parameters with genotype-specific endogenous factors was frequently required to achieve efficient morphogenesis, especially in endosperm-supported culture (Filippov et al 2006, Bi et al 2007, Chauhan et al 2007, Yu et al 2008, Miroshnichenko et al 2011, Yin et al 2011, Chang et al 2012, Delporte et al 2014). With the media tested here however, immature embryos are the preferable explant material.…”