Plant Small Non-coding RNAs and Their Roles in Biotic Stresses

Brant, Eleanor J; Budak, Hikmet

doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01038

Cited by 106 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 124 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…As important epigenetic elements, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) widely regulate plant multiple processes, including growth, development and even responses to environmental stresses. Based on the size, ncRNA can be divided into short-chain non-coding RNAs and long-chain non-coding RNA [93][94][95]. In the past few decades, enormous studies in animals and plants have revealed that short-chain non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNA) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), participate in both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression [93][94][95].…”

Section: Non-coding Rnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the Role of Epigenetic Processes in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Response in Wheat and Barley

Kong

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Environmental stresses such as salinity, drought, heat, freezing, heavy metal and even pathogen infections seriously threaten the growth and yield of important cereal crops including wheat and barley. There is growing evidence indicating that plants employ sophisticated epigenetic mechanisms to fine-tune their responses to environmental stresses. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in understanding the epigenetic processes and elements—such as DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs—involved in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses in wheat and barley. Potentials of exploiting epigenetic variation for the improvement of wheat and barley are discussed.

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Section: Non-coding Rnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into the Role of Epigenetic Processes in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Response in Wheat and Barley

Kong

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Both siRNAs and miRNAs are processed from dsRNA precursors by the ribonuclease Dicer, and both can regulate gene expression. RNAi participates in the regulation of diverse biological processes including plant immunity (Brant and Budak, 2018;Deng et al, 2018), and several siRNAs and miRNAs have been described as important players in plant defense against viruses, bacteria, and fungi (Hua et al, 2018;Rosa et al, 2018;Muhammad et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Kingdom RNAi of Pathogen Effectors Leads to Quantitative Adult Plant Resistance in Wheat

et al. 2020

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Cross-kingdom RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process allowing plants to transfer small regulatory RNAs to invading pathogens to trigger the silencing of target virulence genes. Transient assays in cereal powdery mildews suggest that silencing of one or two effectors could lead to near loss of virulence, but evidence from stable RNAi lines is lacking. We established transient host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) in wheat, and demonstrate that targeting an essential housekeeping gene in the wheat powdery mildew pathogen (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) results in significant reduction of virulence at an early stage of infection. We generated stable transgenic RNAi wheat lines encoding a HIGS construct simultaneously silencing three B.g. tritici effectors including SvrPm3 a1/f 1 , a virulence factor involved in the suppression of the Pm3 powdery mildew resistance gene. We show that all targeted effectors are effectively downregulated by HIGS, resulting in reduced fungal virulence on adult wheat plants. Our findings demonstrate that stable HIGS of effector genes can lead to quantitative gain of resistance without major pleiotropic effects in wheat.

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“…Since small RNAs are sequence-dependent negative regulators of gene expression involved in many relevant plant processes such as development, genome stability, or stress response (biotic and abiotic) [1,19,20], the proposed cloning strategy represents an straightforward tool to characterize many aspects related with small RNA biology, and as such could potentially become a valuable asset for the research community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol: low cost fast and efficient generation of molecular tools for small RNA analysis

et al. 2020

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Background: Small RNAs are sequence-dependent negative regulators of gene expression involved in many relevant plant processes such as development, genome stability, or stress response. Functional characterization of sRNAs in plants typically relies on the modification of the steady state levels of these molecules. State-of-the-art strategies to reduce plant sRNA levels include molecular tools such as Target Mimics (MIMs or TMs), Short Tandem Target Mimic (STTMs), or molecular SPONGES (SPs). Construction of these tools routinely involve many different molecular biology techniques, steps, and reagents rendering such processes expensive, time consuming, and difficult to implement, particularly high-throughput approaches. Results: We have developed a vector and a cloning strategy that significantly reduces the number of steps required for the generation of MIMs against any given small RNA (sRNA). Our pGREEN-based binary expression vector (pGREEN-DLM100) contains the IPS1 gene from A. thaliana bisected by a ccdB cassette that is itself flanked by restriction sites for a type IIS endonuclease. Using a single digestion plus a sticky-end ligation step, the ccdB cassette that functions as a negative (counter) selection system is replaced by a pair of 28 nt self-annealing primers that provide specificity against the selected target miRNA/siRNA. The method considerably reduces the number of steps and the time required to generate the construct, minimizes the errors derived from long-range PCRs, bypasses bottlenecks derived from subcloning steps, and eliminates the need for any additional cloning technics and reagents, overall saving time and reagents. Conclusions: Our streamlined system guarantees a low cost, fast and efficient cloning process that it can be easily implemented into high-throughput strategies, since the same digested plasmid can be used for any given sRNA. We believe this method represents a significant technical improvement on state-of-the-art methods to facilitate the characterization of functional aspects of sRNA biology.

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Plant Small Non-coding RNAs and Their Roles in Biotic Stresses

Cited by 106 publications

References 124 publications

Insight into the Role of Epigenetic Processes in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Response in Wheat and Barley

Insight into the Role of Epigenetic Processes in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Response in Wheat and Barley

Cross-Kingdom RNAi of Pathogen Effectors Leads to Quantitative Adult Plant Resistance in Wheat

Protocol: low cost fast and efficient generation of molecular tools for small RNA analysis

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