Plant Somatic Embryogenesis: Some Useful Considerations

Gutiérrez-Mora, Antonia; González-Gutiérrez, Alejandra G.; Rodrı́guez-Garay, Benjamı́n; Ascencio-Cabral, Azucena; Li-Wei, Lin

doi:10.5772/36345

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…In other varieties of A. cepa, the presence of antipodals has not been reported in all published papers [12]. The existence of short lived antipodal cells has also been reported in Chichoriumintybus [31] and Agave tequilana [32]. In addition to that, the close contact of the egg apparatus with the micropyle is highly similar to what was observed in the ovular apparatus of Ornithogalum caudatum [33].…”

Section: Megagametogenesissupporting

confidence: 60%

Florogenesis and Female Gametophyte Development in <i>Allium cepa</i> L. cv. Krishnapuram

Lakshmi¹,

Raja²,

Naik³

et al. 2017

AJPS

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Florogenesis is one of the most complicated and interesting processes in the nature. This process involves developmental, physiological and molecular events leading to transformation from vegetative to reproductive phase for optimal seed production and the continuation of species. The basic knowledge about flowering processes, male and female sexual systems support basic and applied research and breeding programs. Most of the onion varieties from India are short day varieties, more diverse than other exotic germplasm and useful as a source of new alleles for supporting breeding programs. The present investigation was focused to study for the first time florogenesis process by scanning electron study for the first time florogenesis process by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and development of female gametophytes by light microscopy in order to acquire basic knowledge useful for optimizing in vitro process to produce gynogenic haploid to support and speed breeding program in short-day onion Allium cepa L. cv. Krishnapuram (KP) or Bangalore Rose.This study revealed that shoot primordium differentiated into inflorescence meristem in the month of December, while seeds were planted in the field in the September. The individual florets are preceded by a variying number of floral initials. The female gametophyte developed from chalazal side megaspore. The embryo sac development is a bisporic Allium type showing shortlived antipodals. The histological study suggests that the use of big or preanthesis flower buds with embryo sac for production of gynogenic haploids to support breeding program in onion cv. Krishnapuram (KP). However further studies are needed for confirmation of this observation.

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Section: Megagametogenesissupporting

confidence: 60%

Florogenesis and Female Gametophyte Development in <i>Allium cepa</i> L. cv. Krishnapuram

Lakshmi¹,

Raja²,

Naik³

et al. 2017

AJPS

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“…Nonetheless, the culture conditions and morphogenetic pathway in the embryogenic callus lines, which culminated in the formation of SEs derived from germinated seeds, represent a new route for the sustainable supply of cattail germplasm for conservation, repopulation, or industrialization. However, improvement of early embryogenic expression, using different auxins and doses thereof, balanced combinations of cytokinins, and coadjuvants in the culture medium, is still necessary, as is the evaluation of other explants ( Gutiérrez-Mora et al, 2012 ; Abiri et al, 2017 ). Explant selection is controversial because the embryogenic response depends on complex interactions between the culture conditions and the physiological state of the explant at the time of cultivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morpho-histological development of the somatic embryos of Typha domingensis

Hernández-Piedra

Ruiz-Carrera

Sánchez

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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BackgroundSustainable methods of propagation of Typha domingensis through somatic embryogenesis can help mitigate its current condition of ecological marginalization and overexploitation. This study examined whether differentiation up to coleoptilar embryos could be obtained in an embryogenic line proliferated with light and high auxin concentration.MethodsMurashige and Skoog medium at half ionic strength and containing 3% sucrose and 0.1% ascorbic acid was used for the three embryogenic phases. Induction started with aseptic 9-day-old germinated seeds cultured in 0.5 mg L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D). Proliferation of the embryogenic callus was evaluated at 2,4-D concentrations ranging from 0 to 2 mg L−1 in cultures maintained in the dark. The dominant embryogenic products obtained in each treatment were used as embryogenic lines in the third phase. Thus, maturation of the somatic embryos (SEs) was analyzed using four embryogenic lines and under light vs. dark conditions. Embryogenic differentiation was also monitored histologically.ResultsProliferation of the nine morphogenetic products was greater in the presence of 2,4-D, regardless of the concentration, than in the absence of auxin. Among the products, a yellow callus was invariably associated with the presence of an oblong SE and suspended cells in the 2,4-D treatments, and a brown callus with scutellar somatic embryos (scSEs) in the treatment without 2,4-D. During the maturation phase, especially the embryogenic line but also the light condition resulted in significant differences, with the highest averages of the nine morphogenetic products obtained under light conditions and the maximum concentration of auxin (YC3 embryogenic line). Only this line achieved scSE growth, under both light and dark conditions. Structurally complete coleoptilar somatic embryos (colSEs) could be anatomically confirmed only during the maturation phase.DiscussionIn the embryogenic line cultured with the highest auxin concentration, light exposure favored the transdifferentiation from embryogenic callus to scSE or colSE, although growth was asynchronous with respect to the three embryogenic phases. The differentiation and cellular organization of the embryos were compatible with all stages of embryogenic development in other monocotyledons. The growth of colSEs under light conditions in the YC3 embryogenic line and the structurally complete anatomic description of colSEs demonstrated that differentiation up to coleoptilar embryos could be obtained. The diversity of embryogenic products obtained in the YC3 embryogenic line opens up the opportunity to synchronize histological descriptions with the molecules associated with the somatic embryogenesis of Typha spp.

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“…The female gametophyte, also named megagametophyte or embryo sac, is developed within the carpel, which consists of three elements: the stigma, the style and the ovary, which can contain one or several ovules (Gutiérrez-Mora et al 2012 ). In each ovule meiosis of the megaspore mother cell produces four haploid cells called megaspores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryo sac formation and early embryo development in Agave tequilana (Asparagaceae)

2014

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Agave tequilana is an angiosperm species that belongs to the family Asparagaceae (formerly Agavaceae). Even though there is information regarding to some aspects related to the megagametogenesis of A. tequilana, this is the first report describing the complete process of megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis, the early embryo and endosperm development process in detail. The objective of this work was to study and characterize all the above processes and the distinctive morphological changes of the micropylar and chalazal extremes after fertilization in this species. The agave plant material for the present study was collected from commercial plantations in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Ovules and immature seeds, previously fixed in FAA and kept in ethanol 70%, were stained based on a tissue clarification technique by using a Mayer’s-Hematoxylin solution. The tissue clarification technique was successfully used for the characterization of the megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis, mature embryo sac formation, the early embryo and endosperm development processes by studying intact cells. The embryo sac of A. tequilana was confirmed to be of the monosporic Polygonum-type and an helobial endosperm formation. Also, the time-lapse of the developmental processes studied was recorded.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-575) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Plant Somatic Embryogenesis: Some Useful Considerations

Cited by 21 publications

References 91 publications

Florogenesis and Female Gametophyte Development in <i>Allium cepa</i> L. cv. Krishnapuram

Florogenesis and Female Gametophyte Development in <i>Allium cepa</i> L. cv. Krishnapuram

Morpho-histological development of the somatic embryos of Typha domingensis

Embryo sac formation and early embryo development in Agave tequilana (Asparagaceae)

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Plant Somatic Embryogenesis: Some Useful Considerations

Cited by 21 publications

References 91 publications

Florogenesis and Female Gametophyte Development in &lt;i&gt;Allium cepa&lt;/i&gt; L. cv. Krishnapuram

Florogenesis and Female Gametophyte Development in &lt;i&gt;Allium cepa&lt;/i&gt; L. cv. Krishnapuram

Morpho-histological development of the somatic embryos of Typha domingensis

Embryo sac formation and early embryo development in Agave tequilana (Asparagaceae)

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Florogenesis and Female Gametophyte Development in <i>Allium cepa</i> L. cv. Krishnapuram

Florogenesis and Female Gametophyte Development in <i>Allium cepa</i> L. cv. Krishnapuram