Plant Species Richness After Revegetation on The Reclaimed Coal Mine Land of PT Adaro Indonesia, South Kalimantan

Abstract

The focus of monitoring was the plant purposely cultivated because after re-vegetation, there were a very few of other plants growing naturally on reclimed coal mining area which were recorded, whereas these plants had important values. The research aimed to record all plants and to identify predominant plants over the reclaimed land of PT 2 Adaro Indonesia. There were four sampling locations with 13 squares of 50 × 20 m on each location established and 2 on each square there were 5 plots of 2 × 2 m plotse made. Both plant species and its individual number of woodyplant saplings were recorded on each square, so in each plot, there were small species and its individual number of either woody-plant seedlings or non-woody plants (herbs/shrubs, grasses, ferns). The relative density and the relative frequency of woody or non-woody plants were summed to obtain the important value index (IVI) of each successional stage. There were 107 plant species consisting of 32, 43, 27, and 5 species of saplings, seedlings/herbs/shrubs, grasses, and ferns respectively. From those species, 16 species of woody plants and 2 species of herbs were planted purposely,other species grew naturally and even some of them were dominants. Either the number of plants or the dominating plant is varied according to the sampling location and the growing stage.

Birds observed during the monitoring period of 2013-2017 in the revegetation area of ex-coal mining sites in South Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…Nonlegume species and naturally growing plants not only increase the diversity of plant species in the revegetation site, but also provide a variety of feed for nectarivores (such as Sunbirds), granivores (Munias), or frugivores (Bulbuls), especially if they are flowering and fruiting throughout the year. There were 107 plant species of varying levels of growth in the PT Adaro Indonesia reclamation site that was then revegetated and the vegetation age was 1-2 years (Soendjoto et al 2014a). As a comparison, there were 106 plant species existed in a reclaimed coal mining dump of Czech Republic within 13-15 years since reclamation (Kabrna et al 2014).…”

Spontaneous plant recolonization on reclaimed post-coal mining sites in East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Native versus alien and succession progress

“…Some reclamation sites in Kalimantan were also reported to have threats from IAS, such as in Kintap site (Tanah Laut, South Kalimantan) threatened by M. pudica, Ageratum conyzoides, and C. odorata (Yusuf and Arisoesilaningsih 2017). Whilst, IAS in Adaro site (South Kalimantan) consisted A. conyzoides, C. odorata, M. micrantha, V. cinerea, M. pigra, M. pudica, P. foetida, I, cyllindrica, and Paspalum conjugatum (Soendjoto et al 2014). IAS recorded in KPC Sangata (East Kutai, East Kalimantan) includes A. conyzoides, Lantana camara, and M. pudica (Mukhtar and Heriyanto 2012); whereas in Muara Begai (East Kutai, East Kalimantan) consisted A. gangetica, C. odorata, I. cylindrica, and P. conjugatum (Lestari et al 2019).…”

Exotic plant species attack revegetation plants in post-coal mining areas

“…Open coal mining should be carefully handled, due to landform conversion, soil structure damage, lack of topsoil, alteration of upper soil ecosystem equilibrium, the decrease of land productivity, and reduced environmental quality. 1 Reclamation efforts in post-coal mining areas have been carried out to restore the condition of the ecosystem to its previous status. Given the vastness of post-coal mining areas, it is important that reclamation activities through land revegetation are sustainability conducted.…”