Plant Vacuolar Processing Enzymes

Vorster, Juan; Cullis, Christopher A.; Kunert, K.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2019.00479

Cited by 47 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…VPE is considered a PCD executor in plant systems in response to several biotic and abiotic stresses (reviewed by Hatsugai et al, 2015; Vorster et al, 2019). Phylogenetic analysis has shown that StVPE1, classified as a vegetative-type VPE, has high sequence similarity and conserved regions with tobacco NtVPE-1a , NtVPE-1b , NtVPE-2 and NtVPE-3 (Teper-Bamnolker et al, 2017; Supplementary data 1A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VPE, which is released into the vacuole during PCD, triggers the degradation of other proteins (Hara-Nishimura et al, 2005; Kuroyanagi et al, 2005; Van Durme and Nowack, 2016). VPEs, which exhibit caspase-1-like activity, play important roles in plant PCD, be it developmental or in response to biotic or abiotic stress (reviewed by Hatsugai et al, 2015; Vorster et al, 2019). Specifically, VPE has been characterized as a major factor in the HR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vacuolar processing enzyme translocates to the vacuole through the autophagy pathway to induce programmed cell death

Teper‐Bamnolker

Danieli

Peled-Zehavi

et al. 2019

Preprint

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One sentence summary: Carbon starvation induced programmed cell death 26 by trafficking vacuolar processing enzyme through the autophagy pathway to 27 the vacuole. 28 29The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings 30 presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the 31 Instructions for Authors (www.plantcell.org) is: Dani Eshel (dani@agri.gov.il). 32 33 34 2 35 Abstract 36 37 The caspase-like vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) is a key factor in 38 programmed cell death (PCD) associated with plant stress responses. Growth 39 medium lacking a carbon source and dark conditions caused punctate labeling 40 of 35S::VPE1-GFP (StVPE1-GFP) in potato leaves. Carbon starvation of BY-2 41 cells induced higher VPE activity and PCD symptoms. Growing VPE-RNAi BY-42 2 cells without sucrose reduced VPE activity and prevented PCD symptoms. 43 During extended exposure to carbon starvation, VPE expression and activity 44 levels peaked, with a gradual increase in BY-2 cell death. Histological analysis 45 of StVPE1-GFP in BY-2 cells showed that carbon starvation induces its 46 translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the central vacuole, through 47 tonoplast engulfment. Exposure of BY-2 culture to the autophagy inhibitor 48 concanamycin A caused autophagic bodies accumulation in the cell vacuole. 49 Such accumulation did not occur in the presence of 3-methyladenine, an 50 inhibitor of early-stage autophagy. BY-2 cells constitutively expressing 51 StATG8IL-RFP, an autophagosome marker, showed colocalization with the 52 StVPE1-GFP protein in the cytoplasm and vacuole. RNAi silencing of the core 53 autophagy component ATG4 in BY-2 cells reduced VPE activity and cell death. 54 These results are the first to suggest that VPE translocates to the cell vacuole 55 through the autophagy pathway, leading to PCD. 56 endopeptidase activity, unlike caspases that cleave their substrates at aspartic 91 acid residues (Silva et al., 2005; Van Durme and Nowack, 2016). The VPE 92 proteins belong to a family of cysteine proteinases that are well conserved 93 among a variety of organisms, including many plant and animal species (Cai 94 and Gallois, 2015; Hatsugai et al., 2015; Sueldo and van der Hoorn, 2017). 95 VPEs were originally found to be responsible for the maturation of seed 96 storage proteins and various other vacuolar proteins in plants (Hara-Nishimura 97 et al., 1991; Hara-Nishimura et al., 1993; Hatsugai et al., 2004). VPE, which is 98 released into the vacuole during PCD, triggers the degradation of other 99 proteins (Hara-Nishimura et al., 2005; Kuroyanagi et al., 2005; Van Durme and 100 Nowack, 2016). VPEs, which exhibit caspase-1-like activity, play important 101 roles in plant PCD, be it developmental or in response to biotic or abiotic stress 102 (reviewed by Hatsugai et al., 2015; Vorster et al., 2019). Specifically, VPE has 103 been characterized as a major factor in the HR. By silencing the gene 104 encoding VPE, Hatsugai et al. (2004) showed that vacuolar collapse, caused ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacuolar processing enzyme translocates to the vacuole through the autophagy pathway to induce programmed cell death

Teper‐Bamnolker

Danieli

Peled-Zehavi

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…These enzymes conduct proteolytic processing of several vacuolar proteins and participate at several stages of plant development and plant cell death. VPEs are classified as cysteine proteases and have properties similar to animal caspases [25]. VPE-containing ER body formation is induced upon biotic stress and eventually, this subgroup of ER bodies fuse with the vacuole [26].…”

Section: Endoplasmic Reticulummentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Cells under Attack: Unconventional Endomembrane Trafficking during Plant Defense

Ruano

Scheuring

2020

Plants

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Since plants lack specialized immune cells, each cell has to defend itself independently against a plethora of different pathogens. Therefore, successful plant defense strongly relies on precise and efficient regulation of intracellular processes in every single cell. Smooth trafficking within the plant endomembrane is a prerequisite for a diverse set of immune responses. Pathogen recognition, signaling into the nucleus, cell wall enforcement, secretion of antimicrobial proteins and compounds, as well as generation of reactive oxygen species, all heavily depend on vesicle transport. In contrast, pathogens have developed a variety of different means to manipulate vesicle trafficking to prevent detection or to inhibit specific plant responses. Intriguingly, the plant endomembrane system exhibits remarkable plasticity upon pathogen attack. Unconventional trafficking pathways such as the formation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bodies or fusion of the vacuole with the plasma membrane are initiated and enforced as the counteraction. Here, we review the recent findings on unconventional and defense-induced trafficking pathways as the plant´s measures in response to pathogen attack. In addition, we describe the endomembrane system manipulations by different pathogens, with a focus on tethering and fusion events during vesicle trafficking.

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“…VPEs originate from prokaryote pro-legumains. The VPEs have properties similar to animal caspases and fulfill relevant vacuolar functions in seeds [77]. Nevertheless, VPEs are directly involved in plant development and environmental stress responses [50].…”

Section: Entailment Of Vacuolar Processing Enzymes With Plant Pcdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmed Cell Death in Seeds: An Adaptive Mechanism Required for Life

Matilla¹

2020

Seed Dormancy and Germination

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The regeneration of the mother plant through germinative process is the main reason that evolutionarily justifies the existence of a viable seed. Current knowledge indicates that the control of germination is a sophisticated process mainly controlled by hormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS), among other endogenous factors. One of the events that directly participate in the germination is the degradation of storage proteins (SPs). Thus, vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs) contribute to SPs' degradation and mobilization due to direct proteolysis or through the activation of other peptidases. In parallel, the relationship between VPEs and programmed cell death (PCD) is beyond doubt. As an alternative to VPEs, the formation of vesicles called ricinosomes containing papain-like Cys-proteases (PLCPs) and located in the reserve tissues of some germinating seeds also collaborates to protein degradation. Finally, there are increasing evidences linking nucleases to PCD in different tissues of seed. However, its state of the art is still little developed. Together, this current overview illustrates a part of the complexity of PCD in seeds, a puzzle far from being solved.

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Plant Vacuolar Processing Enzymes

Cited by 47 publications

References 66 publications

Vacuolar processing enzyme translocates to the vacuole through the autophagy pathway to induce programmed cell death

Vacuolar processing enzyme translocates to the vacuole through the autophagy pathway to induce programmed cell death

Plant Cells under Attack: Unconventional Endomembrane Trafficking during Plant Defense

Programmed Cell Death in Seeds: An Adaptive Mechanism Required for Life

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