Plant Vacuoles

Shimada, Tomoo; Takagi, Junpei; Ichino, Takuji; Shirakawa, Makoto; Hara‐Nishimura, Ikuko

doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040508

Cited by 108 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…S2. To note, a typical plant cell contains an organelle called the vacuole, which performs many functions in plants (32), and is filled with water, thus occupying ~80% of the cell volume. Therefore, fluorescence localized in the cytoplasm follows the cytosolic cell contour shape ( fig.…”

Section: Internalization Of Sirna-swnts Into Mature Plant Leavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanocarriers deliver siRNA to intact plant cells for efficient gene knockdown

et al. 2020

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Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) is a powerful tool to understand and control plant metabolic pathways, which is central to plant biotechnology. PTGS is commonly accomplished through delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) into cells. Standard plant siRNA delivery methods (Agrobacterium and viruses) involve coding siRNA into DNA vectors and are only tractable for certain plant species. Here, we develop a nanotube-based platform for direct delivery of siRNA and show high silencing efficiency in intact plant cells. We demonstrate that nanotubes successfully deliver siRNA and silence endogenous genes, owing to effective intracellular delivery and nanotube-induced protection of siRNA from nuclease degradation. This study establishes that nanotubes could enable a myriad of plant biotechnology applications that rely on RNA delivery to intact cells.

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Section: Internalization Of Sirna-swnts Into Mature Plant Leavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanocarriers deliver siRNA to intact plant cells for efficient gene knockdown

et al. 2020

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“…Different from mammals, plants do not have mobile immune cells and have evolved several natural defense mechanisms in response to pathogen attack (1)(2)(3)(4), i.e., expression of certain proteins with antimicrobial activity. Many of those antimicrobial proteins are able to mediate membrane fusion in order to facilitate the translocation of hydrolytic enzymes, aiding in the resistance to pathogen resistance to pathogen attack (5)(6)(7). In Solanum tuberosum, infection by the pathogenic fungi Phytophthora infestans results in late blight disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the mechanism of membrane fusion induced by the plant defense element, plant-specific insert

Zhao

Tian

et al. 2020

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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In plants, many natural defense mechanisms include cellular membrane fusion as a way to resist infection by external pathogens. Several plant proteins mediate membrane fusion, but the detailed mechanism by which they promote fusion is less clear. Understanding this process could provide valuable insights into these proteins’ physiological functions and guide bio-engineering applications, (i.e., the design of antimicrobial proteins). The plant specific insert (PSI) from Solanum tuberosum can help reduce certain pathogen attack via membrane fusion. To gain new insights into the process of PSI induced membrane fusion a combined approach of NMR, FRET and in silico studies was used. . Our results indicate that (i) under acidic conditions, the PSI experiences a monomer-dimer equilibrium and the dimeric PSI induces membrane fusion below a certain critical pH; (ii) after fusion, the PSI resides in a highly dehydrated environment with limited solvent accessibility, suggesting its capability in reducing repulsive dehydration forces between liposomes to facilitate fusion; and (iii) as shown by molecular dynamics simulations, the PSI dimer can bind stably to membrane surfaces, and can bridge liposomes in close proximity, a critical step for the membrane fusion. In summary, this study provides new and unique insights into the mechanisms by which the PSI and similar proteins induce membrane fusion.

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“…The roles for VPE in developmental PCD, as well as in plant responses to pathogen attack, are well documented (for recent review see Kabbage et al, 2017; Shimada et al, 2018). However, although VPE has also been implicated in the response to several abiotic stresses (Shimada et al, 2018), much less is known about this aspect of its activity. To look into the possible roles of VPE and PCD in the response to carbon starvation, transgenic potato plants expressing StVPE1-GFP were grown with or without sucrose under light (long day) or dark growth conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacuolar processing enzyme translocates to the vacuole through the autophagy pathway to induce programmed cell death

Teper‐Bamnolker

Danieli

Peled-Zehavi

et al. 2019

Preprint

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One sentence summary: Carbon starvation induced programmed cell death 26 by trafficking vacuolar processing enzyme through the autophagy pathway to 27 the vacuole. 28 29The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings 30 presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the 31 Instructions for Authors (www.plantcell.org) is: Dani Eshel (dani@agri.gov.il). 32 33 34 2 35 Abstract 36 37 The caspase-like vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) is a key factor in 38 programmed cell death (PCD) associated with plant stress responses. Growth 39 medium lacking a carbon source and dark conditions caused punctate labeling 40 of 35S::VPE1-GFP (StVPE1-GFP) in potato leaves. Carbon starvation of BY-2 41 cells induced higher VPE activity and PCD symptoms. Growing VPE-RNAi BY-42 2 cells without sucrose reduced VPE activity and prevented PCD symptoms. 43 During extended exposure to carbon starvation, VPE expression and activity 44 levels peaked, with a gradual increase in BY-2 cell death. Histological analysis 45 of StVPE1-GFP in BY-2 cells showed that carbon starvation induces its 46 translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the central vacuole, through 47 tonoplast engulfment. Exposure of BY-2 culture to the autophagy inhibitor 48 concanamycin A caused autophagic bodies accumulation in the cell vacuole. 49 Such accumulation did not occur in the presence of 3-methyladenine, an 50 inhibitor of early-stage autophagy. BY-2 cells constitutively expressing 51 StATG8IL-RFP, an autophagosome marker, showed colocalization with the 52 StVPE1-GFP protein in the cytoplasm and vacuole. RNAi silencing of the core 53 autophagy component ATG4 in BY-2 cells reduced VPE activity and cell death. 54 These results are the first to suggest that VPE translocates to the cell vacuole 55 through the autophagy pathway, leading to PCD. 56 endopeptidase activity, unlike caspases that cleave their substrates at aspartic 91 acid residues (Silva et al., 2005; Van Durme and Nowack, 2016). The VPE 92 proteins belong to a family of cysteine proteinases that are well conserved 93 among a variety of organisms, including many plant and animal species (Cai 94 and Gallois, 2015; Hatsugai et al., 2015; Sueldo and van der Hoorn, 2017). 95 VPEs were originally found to be responsible for the maturation of seed 96 storage proteins and various other vacuolar proteins in plants (Hara-Nishimura 97 et al., 1991; Hara-Nishimura et al., 1993; Hatsugai et al., 2004). VPE, which is 98 released into the vacuole during PCD, triggers the degradation of other 99 proteins (Hara-Nishimura et al., 2005; Kuroyanagi et al., 2005; Van Durme and 100 Nowack, 2016). VPEs, which exhibit caspase-1-like activity, play important 101 roles in plant PCD, be it developmental or in response to biotic or abiotic stress 102 (reviewed by Hatsugai et al., 2015; Vorster et al., 2019). Specifically, VPE has 103 been characterized as a major factor in the HR. By silencing the gene 104 encoding VPE, Hatsugai et al. (2004) showed that vacuolar collapse, caused ...

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Plant Vacuoles

Cited by 108 publications

References 158 publications

Carbon nanocarriers deliver siRNA to intact plant cells for efficient gene knockdown

Carbon nanocarriers deliver siRNA to intact plant cells for efficient gene knockdown

Insights into the mechanism of membrane fusion induced by the plant defense element, plant-specific insert

Vacuolar processing enzyme translocates to the vacuole through the autophagy pathway to induce programmed cell death

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