Plant virus evolution under strong drought conditions results in a transition from parasitism to mutualism

González, Rubén; Butković, Anamarija; Escaray, Francisco José; Martínez-Latorre, Javier; Melero, Ízan; Pérez-Parets, Enric; Gómez-Cádenas, Aurelio; Carrasco, Pedro; Elena, Santiago F.

doi:10.1073/pnas.2020990118

Cited by 81 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Some viruses are clearly beneficial to their infected host, protecting them from heat and/or water scarcity [ 1 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Increasing amounts of studies demonstrated the way viruses manage to increase the plant’s response to environmental stresses (reviewed in [ 33 ]). For example, four different RNA viruses, brome mosaic virus (BMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and tobacco rattle virus (TRV), were shown to improve the infected plant’s tolerance to drought [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) Promotes Plant Tolerance to Drought

Shteinberg

Mishra

Anfoka

et al. 2021

Cells

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A growing body of research points to a positive interplay between viruses and plants. Tomato yellow curl virus (TYLCV) is able to protect tomato host plants against extreme drought. To envisage the use of virus protective capacity in agriculture, TYLCV-resistant tomato lines have to be infected first with the virus before planting. Such virus-resistant tomato plants contain virus amounts that do not cause disease symptoms, growth inhibition, or yield loss, but are sufficient to modify the metabolism of the plant, resulting in improved tolerance to drought. This phenomenon is based on the TYLCV-dependent stabilization of amounts of key osmoprotectants induced by drought (soluble sugars, amino acids, and proteins). Although in infected TYLCV-susceptible tomatoes, stress markers also show an enhanced stability, in infected TYLCV-resistant plants, water balance and osmolyte homeostasis reach particularly high levels. These tomato plants survive long periods of time during water withholding. However, after recovery to normal irrigation, they produce fruits which are not exposed to drought, similarly to the control plants. Using these features, it might be possible to cultivate TYLCV-resistant plants during seasons characterized by water scarcity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) Promotes Plant Tolerance to Drought

Shteinberg

Mishra

Anfoka

et al. 2021

Cells

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“…Similarly, several mosquito viruses can be transmitted vertically, although whether they are fixed in populations or stable on evolutionary timescales is not well investigated. Like other endosymbionts, the interactions between mosquito viruses and their hosts can be diverse, and the outcomes of these interactions may be context-dependent, as shown for a plant virus that confers drought tolerance to its hosts when evolved in drought conditions ( González et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiotic Interactions Between Mosquitoes and Mosquito Viruses

Altinli

Schnettler

Sicard

2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Mosquitoes not only transmit human and veterinary pathogens called arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) but also harbor mosquito-associated insect-specific viruses (mosquito viruses) that cannot infect vertebrates. In the past, studies investigating mosquito viruses mainly focused on highly pathogenic interactions that were easier to detect than those without visible symptoms. However, the recent advances in viral metagenomics have highlighted the abundance and diversity of viruses which do not generate mass mortality in host populations. Over the last decade, this has facilitated the rapid growth of virus discovery in mosquitoes. The circumstances around the discovery of mosquito viruses greatly affected how they have been studied so far. While earlier research mainly focused on the pathogenesis caused by DNA and some double-stranded RNA viruses during larval stages, more recently discovered single-stranded RNA mosquito viruses were heavily studied for their putative interference with arboviruses in female adults. Thus, many aspects of mosquito virus interactions with their hosts and host-microbiota are still unknown. In this context, considering mosquito viruses as endosymbionts can help to identify novel research areas, in particular in relation to their long-term interactions with their hosts (e.g. relationships during all life stages, the stability of the associations at evolutionary scales, transmission routes and virulence evolution) and the possible context-dependent range of interactions (i.e. beneficial to antagonistic). Here, we review the symbiotic interactions of mosquito viruses considering different aspects of their ecology, such as transmission, host specificity, host immune system and interactions with other symbionts within the host cellular arena. Finally, we highlight related research gaps in mosquito virus research.

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“…Plant viruses adapt to compatible hosts and vectors under specific climates [16,19,33]. On the one hand, climate change and global trade can facilitate the appearance of outbreaks of new viruses in crops and regions where they were not previously present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Virulence among PVY Isolates of Different Geographical Origins When Infecting an Experimental Host under Two Growing Environments Are Not Determined by HCPro

Makki

Toro

Necira

et al. 2021

Plants

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The contribution of the HCPro factors expressed by several PVY isolates of different geographical origins (one from Scotland, one from Spain, and several from Tunisia) to differences in their virulence in Nicotiana benthamiana plants was investigated under two growing conditions: standard (st; 26 °C and current ambient levels of CO2), and climate change-associated (cc; 31 °C and elevated levels of CO2). In all cases, relative infection symptoms and viral titers were determined. The viral HCPro cistrons were also sequenced and amino-acid features of the encoded proteins were established, as well as phylogenetic distances. Additionally, the abilities of the HCPros of several isolates to suppress silencing were assessed under either growing condition. Overall, viral titers and infection symptoms decreased under cc vs. st conditions. However, within each growing condition, relative titers and symptoms were found to be isolate-specific, with titers and symptom severities not always correlating. Crucially, isolates expressing identical HCPros displayed different symptoms. In addition, all HCPro variants tested displayed comparable silencing suppression strengths. Therefore, HCPro alone could not be the main determinant of the relative differences in pathogenicity observed among the PVY isolates tested in this host, under the environments considered.

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Plant virus evolution under strong drought conditions results in a transition from parasitism to mutualism

Cited by 81 publications

References 57 publications

Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) Promotes Plant Tolerance to Drought

Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) Promotes Plant Tolerance to Drought

Symbiotic Interactions Between Mosquitoes and Mosquito Viruses

Differences in Virulence among PVY Isolates of Different Geographical Origins When Infecting an Experimental Host under Two Growing Environments Are Not Determined by HCPro

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