Plants and Their Bioactive Constituents in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Periodontal Regeneration: A Novel Prospective

Abstract

Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease, which causes the destruction of both the soft and mineralized tissues. However, current treatments such as bone graft materials, barrier membranes, and protein products all have difficulties in regenerating the complete periodontal tissue structure. Stem cell-based tissue engineering has now emerged as one of the most effective treatments for the patients suffering from periodontal diseases. Plants not only can be substrates for life processes, but also contain hormones or functional molecules. Numbers of preclinical studies have revealed that products from plant can be successfully applied in modulating proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Plant-derived substances can induce stem cells osteogenic differentiation, and they also possess angiogenic potency. Furthermore, in the field of tissue engineering, plant-derived compounds or plant extracts can be incorporated with biomaterials or utilized as biomaterials for cell transplantation. So it is speculated that botanical products may become a new perspective in stem cell-based periodontal regeneration. However, the lack of achieving predict clinical efficacy and quality control has been the major impediment to its extensive application. This review gives an overview of the prospect of applying different plant-derived substances in various human mesenchymal stem cells-based periodontal regeneration.

The biological response of mesenchymal stromal cells to thymol and carvacrol in comparison to their essential oil: An innovative new study

“…As reviewed (Udalamaththa et al, 2016), several types of MSCs treated with individual or mixtures of herbal extracts, as well as with their purified compounds have resulted in increased proliferation, cell attachment and delayed senescence. These effects may vary due to cell type, inoculation number, culture conditions and product concentration (Xue et al, 2018).…”

Biological properties and therapeutic effects of plant-derived nanovesicles

“…It is well known that plant-derived extracts and their natural compounds have demonstrated high activity in the management of wounds for different targets, such as suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reducing oxidative factors and enhancing anti-oxidative enzymes, and promoting neovascularization and angiogenic pathways [ 79 ]. Moreover, a number of preclinical studies have revealed that products extracted from plants can be successfully applied in modulating proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells [ 80 ]. Furthermore, in the field of tissue engineering, plant-derived compounds or plant extracts can be incorporated into biomaterials to achieve their controlled release or used as biomaterials for cell transplantation [ 80 , 81 ].…”

“…Moreover, a number of preclinical studies have revealed that products extracted from plants can be successfully applied in modulating proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells [ 80 ]. Furthermore, in the field of tissue engineering, plant-derived compounds or plant extracts can be incorporated into biomaterials to achieve their controlled release or used as biomaterials for cell transplantation [ 80 , 81 ].…”

“…PDNVs can be loaded with a variety of cargo molecules, such as small molecular drugs, siRNAs, DNA expression vectors, and proteins, directing them to different tissues [ 32 , 40 , 113 ]. siRNAs and DNAs, highly negative charged molecules, are less encapsulated into PDNVs than positively charged therapeutics [ 80 ]. However, one study reported the potential of coated GFDNs to deliver miRNA.…”

Plant Extracts in the Bone Repair Process: A Systematic Review

“…Clinical and preclinical studies have attempted to demonstrate the positive effects of plant compounds on bone matrix formation and cellular activity [14, 15]. However, this proposition is not always confirmed, mainly due to the great methodological variations involving the extract preparation, therapeutic schemes, and mechanisms of action [16].…”