Plants Extracts as an Effective Controlling Agent Against Mosquito: A Review

Abstract

Different plant extracts and their oils can be used to jurisdiction different species of mosquitoes. Mosquitoes causes many life threatening disease like malaria, zika virus and dengue, so it is crucial to control it by using some biological ways instead of chemical ways. As there are many chemicals to control it but it’s better to use biologicals ways to control the pest as plant extract are ecofriendly to use so using plant extracts is safe to control the pest. Garlic (Allium sativum) , Momordica charantia, and Black pepper (Piper nigrum) was found to be effective against different mosquitoes. Allium sativum contain some compounds having ajoene, diallyl polysulfides, allicin, S-allylcysteine, and enzymes like saponins, flavonoids, and Maillard reaction products, These phytochemicals fabricated by garlic are the major contributors to the characteristic odor of garlic, has bactericidal properties, interfere and restrict the synthesis of parasite cell membranes and causes lysis, and helps in killing mosquitoes by blocking their respiratory system and even Momordica charantia leaves have flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and terpenoids they will enter into the digestive tract of the mosquito larvae and then got absorbed by the intestinal wall of the tract and then after that will circulate all along the blood that will interfere with the metabolism of body of the mosquito and kills them. Piper nigrum also have compoundPiperine which is very pungent and a very strong alkaloid. It also contains some compound like sabinene, safrol, pinene, limonene, caryo-phyllene and linaonol. It exhibited good larvicidal and mortality activities and showed abnormal behavior and became restless in mosquitos then muscle contraction seize which lead to paralysis and eventually mosquito dies so the extract of these species basically attack on the neuromuscular system of the mosquito and the anal gill membrane also shrinks. So these can be used to kill mosquito using the biological ways.