Plasma Apelin and ADMA Levels in Patients with Essential Hypertension

Sönmez, Alper; Çelebi, Gürkan; Erdem, Gökhan; Tapan, Serkan; Genç, Halil; Taşçı, İlker; Erçin, Cemal Nuri; Doğru, Teoman; Kılıç, Selim; Üçkaya, Gökhan; Yılmaz, Mahmut İlker; Erbil, M.; Kutlu, Mustafa

doi:10.3109/10641960903254505

Cited by 80 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Apelin KO mice have an impaired response to cardiac pressure overload, thus suggesting a role for apelin/APJ in the sustainability and amplification of the cardiac response to stress (Kuba et al 2007). There is also evidence for a role in essential hypertension (EHT) as circulating levels of apelin-12 are decreased in patients with EHT (Sonmez et al 2010). Functionally, the apelinergic system plays a role in the Cripto signalling pathway (which stimulates signalling by the transforming growth factor Nodal or growth/differentiation factors 1 and 3, via activin type IB and type IIB receptors) in mammalian cardiac myogenesis (D'Aniello et al 2009).…”

Section: Cardiovascular Roles Of Apelin/apjmentioning

confidence: 99%

The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis

O’Carroll

Lolait

Harris

et al. 2013

Journal of Endocrinology

292

216

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The apelin receptor (APJ; gene symbol APLNR) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor gene family. Neural gene expression patterns of APJ, and its cognate ligand apelin, in the brain implicate the apelinergic system in the regulation of a number of physiological processes. APJ and apelin are highly expressed in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system, which regulates fluid homeostasis, in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which controls the neuroendocrine response to stress, and in the forebrain and lower brainstem regions, which are involved in cardiovascular function. Recently, apelin, synthesised and secreted by adipocytes, has been described as a beneficial adipokine related to obesity, and there is growing awareness of a potential role for apelin and APJ in glucose and energy metabolism. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure, expression pattern and regulation of apelin and its receptor, as well as the main second messengers and signalling proteins activated by apelin. We also highlight the physiological and pathological roles that support this system as a novel therapeutic target for pharmacological intervention in treating conditions related to altered water balance, stress-induced disorders such as anxiety and depression, and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.

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Section: Cardiovascular Roles Of Apelin/apjmentioning

confidence: 99%

The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis

O’Carroll

Lolait

Harris

et al. 2013

Journal of Endocrinology

292

216

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“…Apelin has been proposed as a novel beneficial adipokine related to insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension, and obesity (Boucher et al 2005, Sonmez et al 2010. Apelin is the endogenous ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor (APJ; Tatemoto et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aldosterone directly affects apelin expression and secretion in adipocytes

Jiang

Yang

et al. 2013

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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There is a high incidence of metabolic syndrome among patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), which has recently been associated with an unfavorable cardiometabolic profile. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been clarified in detail. Characterizing aldosterone (Ald) target genes in adipocytes will help us to elucidate the deleterious effects associated with excess Ald. Apelin, a novel adipokine, exerts beneficial effects on obesityassociated disorders and cardiovascular homeostasis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of high Ald levels on apelin expression and secretion and the underlying mechanisms involved in adipocytes. In vivo, a single-dose Ald injection acutely decreased apelin serum levels and adipose tissue apelin production, which demonstrates a clear inverse relationship between the levels of plasma Ald and plasma apelin. Experiments using 3T3-L1 adipocytes showed that Ald decreased apelin expression and secretion in a time-and dose-dependent manner. This effect was reversed by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonists or GR (NR3C1) knockdown; furthermore, putative HREs were identified in the apelin promoter. Subsequently, we verified that both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids regulated apelin expression through GR activation, although no synergistic effect was observed. Additionally, detailed potential mechanisms involved a p38 MAPK signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings strengthen the fact that there is a direct interaction between Ald and apelin in adipocytes, which has important implications for hyperaldosteronism or PA-associated cardiometabolic syndrome and hoists apelin on the list of potent therapeutic targets for PA. Key Words" aldosterone " apelin " 3T3-L1 adipocyte " glucocorticoid receptor " p38 MAPK

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“…Finally, significantly reduced apelin levels and high asymmetric dimethylarginine values have been observed in patients with a new diagnosis of essential hypertension and not pharmacologically treated [21]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apelin, Plasmatic Osmolality and Hypotension in Dialyzed Patients

Cernaro

Lacquaniti²,

Lorenzano³

et al. 2012

Blood Purif

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Background/Aims: To evaluate the balance between arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and apelin during hemodialysis and its role in hypotension onset and in the inflammation status. Methods: We enrolled 50 patients chronically treated with hemodialysis. We assessed plasmatic osmolality, AVP, apelin, mean blood pressure (BP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and β₂-microglobulin. Results: Apelin rises during dialytic treatment (from 0.68 ± 0.34 to 1.89 ± 0.56 pg/ml, p < 0.0001), while plasmatic osmolality (from 325 ± 4.54 to 311 ± 1.20 mosm/kg H₂O, p < 0.0001), AVP (from 4.28 ± 1.12 to 2.48 ± 0.50 pg/ml, p < 0.0001) and mean BP (from 124 ± 6 to 110 ± 7 mm Hg, p < 0.0001) decrease. At multivariate regression with respect to apelin, only mean BP remains (r = –0.95, p < 0.0001). We also correlated the AVP/apelin ratio with BP. Moreover, apelin is inversely related to hsCRP (r = –0.79, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The AVP/apelin balance changes with plasmatic osmolality variations induced by hemodialytic sessions and could represent a physiopathological marker of arterial hypo- and hypertension. Finally, apelin appears inversely related to inflammation markers.

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Plasma Apelin and ADMA Levels in Patients with Essential Hypertension

Cited by 80 publications

References 34 publications

The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis

The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis

Aldosterone directly affects apelin expression and secretion in adipocytes

Apelin, Plasmatic Osmolality and Hypotension in Dialyzed Patients

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