Plasma behaviour with molecular beam injection in the HL-1M tokamak

Lianghua, Yao; Nianyi, Tang; Cui, Z.Y.; Xu, Deming; Deng, Z.C.; Ding, X.T.; Luo, Junhua; Dong, Jing; Guo, G.C.; Yang, Sen; Cui, C.H.; Zhenggui, Xiao; Liu, Dequan; Chen, Xiaoping; Yan, Lei; Donghai, Yan; Enyao, Wang; Deng, Xiaoyan

doi:10.1088/0029-5515/38/4/312

Cited by 76 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…SMBI has been implemented on the HL-1M tokamak [471,472], the HT-7 tokamak [473] and the W7-AS stellarator [474]. A Laval nozzle is utilized to inject a well collimated supersonic jet in the plasma (typically 5 10 19 particles per pulse with an injection time ranging from tens to hundreds of ms [471]). Gas speeds higher than 1 km/s have been obtained [475], to be compared with 300 m/s typical of gas puffing.…”

Section: Supersonic Gas Jet and Low Field Side Puffingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter 4: Power and particle control

Loarte¹,

et al. 2007

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Abstract.Progress, since the ITER Physics Basis publication, in understanding the processes that will determine the properties of the plasma edge and its interaction with material elements in ITER is described. Experimental areas where significant progress has taken place are : energy transport in the SOL in particular of the anomalous transport scaling, particle transport in the SOL that plays a major role in the interaction of diverted plasmas with the main chamber material elements, ELM energy deposition on material elements and the transport mechanism for the ELM energy from the main plasma to the plasma facing components, the physics of plasma detachment and neutral dynamics including the edge density profile structure and the control of plasma particle content and He removal, the erosion of low and high Z materials in fusion devices, their transport to the core plasma and their migration at the plasma edge including the formation of mixed materials, the processes determining the size and location of the retention of tritium in fusion devices and methods to remove it and the processes determining the efficiency of the various fuelling methods as well as their development towards the ITER requirements. This experimental progress has been accompanied by the development of modelling tools for the physical processes at the edge plasma and plasma-materials interaction and the further validation of these models by comparing their predictions with the new experimental results. Progress in the modelling development and validation has been mostly concentrated in the following areas : refinement of the predictions for ITER with plasma edge modelling codes by inclusion of detailed geometrical features of the divertor and the introduction of physical effects, which can play a 2 major role in determining the divertor parameters at the divertor for ITER conditions such as hydrogen radiation transport and neutral-neutral collisions, modelling of the ion orbits at the plasma edge, which can play a role in determining power deposition at the divertor target, models for plasma-materials and plasma dynamics interaction during ELMs and disruptions, models for the transport of impurities at the plasma edge to describe the core contamination by impurities and the migration of eroded materials at the edge plasma and its associated tritium retention and models for the turbulent processes that determine the anomalous transport of energy and particles across the SOL. The implications for the expected performance of the reference regimes in ITER, the operation of the ITER device and the lifetime of the plasma facing materials are discussed. Introduction.This chapter outlines the significant progress achieved since the ITER Physics Basis in understanding basic scrape-off layer (SOL) and divertor processes in a tokamak. The interaction of plasma with first-wall surfaces will have considerable impact on the performance of fusion plasmas, the lifetime of plasma facing components, and the retention of tritium in next step Burning Plasma E...

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Section: Supersonic Gas Jet and Low Field Side Puffingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter 4: Power and particle control

Loarte¹,

et al. 2007

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“…Therefore, it is very important to use deep and local particle perturbation source for the particle transport study in the core plasma. On HL-1M tokamak, experiments have confirmed that the supersonic molecular beam injection ͑SMBI͒ can penetrate more deeply and locally than general gas puffing, 13,14 thus the SMBI could be a good and controllable perturbation source for particle transport study. In HL-2A, the local density profile is measured by an O-mode broadband microwave reflectometry, 15 whose microwave frequency is K a band ͑26.5-40 GHz͒ and U band ͑40-60 GHz͒, and which covers a density range from 0.8 to a͒ Electronic mail: xiaoww@swip.ac.cn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method of particle transport study using supersonic molecular beam injection and microwave reflectometry on HL-2A tokamak

Xiao

Zou

Ding

et al. 2010

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A method of the particle transport study using supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) and microwave reflectometry is reported in this paper. Experimental results confirm that pulsed SMBI is a good perturbation source with deeper penetration and better localization than the standard gas puffing. The local density modulation is induced using the pulsed SMBI and the perturbation density is measured by the microwave reflectometry. Using Fourier transform analysis for the local density perturbation, radial profiles of the amplitude and phase of the density modulation can be obtained. The experimental results in HL-2A show that the particle injected by SMBI is located at about r/a=0.65–0.75. The position of the main particle source can be determined through three aspects: the minimum of the phase of the first harmonic of the Fourier transform of the modulated density measured by microwave reflectometry; the Ha intensity profile and the local density increase ratio. The maximum of the amplitude of the first harmonic shifts often inward relative to the particle source location, which indicates clearly there is an inward particle pinch in this area. Good agreement has been found between the experimental results and the simulation using analytical transport model. The particle diffusivity D and the particle convection velocity V have been obtained by doing this simulation. The sensitivity in the transport coefficients of the amplitude and the phase of the density modulation has been discussed.

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“…To study the transport features of the pITB, the density modulation generated by SMBI has been used [7]. Fig.…”

Section: Spontaneous Internal Particle Transport Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of experimental results on HL-2A

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Significant experimental advances have been made on HL-2A tokamak along with substantial improvement and development of hardware. The three dimensional spectral structures of the low frequency zonal flow, the geodesic acoustic mode (GAM), and quasi-mode-like low frequency fluctuations have been observed simultaneously for the first time. In addition, the spectral structure of the density fluctuation at GAM frequency is also identified. A spontaneous particle transport barrier has been observed in Ohmic discharges without any external momentum input. The barrier is evidenced by particle perturbation study using modulated SMBI and microwave reflectometry. The non-local transport effect with new features induced by SMBI has been investigated. The e-fishbone instability excited by energetic electrons of non-Maxwellian distribution has been investigated via 10-channel CdTe hard x-ray detector. It is found that the e-fishbone is correlated with the existence of energetic electrons of 30-70 keV. The experiment shows that the suppression of m/n = 2/1 tearing modes can be sustained by ECRH with low modulation frequency of about 10 Hz. Extended confinement improvement is obtained after the mode suppression.

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Plasma behaviour with molecular beam injection in the HL-1M tokamak

Cited by 76 publications

References 9 publications

Chapter 4: Power and particle control

Chapter 4: Power and particle control

A method of particle transport study using supersonic molecular beam injection and microwave reflectometry on HL-2A tokamak

Overview of experimental results on HL-2A

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