Plasma Catestatin Levels and Advanced Glycation End Products in Patients on Hemodialysis

Abstract

Catestatin (CST) is a pleiotropic peptide involved in cardiovascular protection with its antihypertensive and angiogenic effects. Considering that patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who are undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are associated with higher cardiovascular risk, the aim of this study was to investigate plasma CST levels in HD patients, compare them to healthy controls and evaluate possible CST associations with advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and laboratory, anthropometric and clinical parameters. The study included 91 patients on HD and 70 healthy controls. Plasma CST levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a commercially available diagnostic kit, while AGEs were determined using skin autofluorescence. Plasma CST levels were significantly higher in the HD group compared to the controls (32.85 ± 20.18 vs. 5.39 ± 1.24 ng/mL, p < 0.001) and there was a significant positive correlation between CST and AGEs (r = 0.492, p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between plasma CST levels with both the Dialysis Malnutrition Score (r = 0.295, p = 0.004) and Malnutrition-Inflammation Score (r = 0.290, p = 0.005). These results suggest that CST could be playing a role in the complex pathophysiology of ESRD/HD and that it could affect the higher cardiovascular risk of patients on HD.

In Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Advanced Glycation End-Products Receptors Isoforms (sRAGE and esRAGE) Are Associated with Malnutrition

“…Luketin M et al described a negative correlation between AGEs, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and BMI in hemodialysis patients and a positive association between AGEs and malnutrition [ 46 ]. sRAGE was of limited significance, instead, in identifying malnutrition in hemodialysis patients [ 47 ].…”

Catestatin as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Clinical Perspective

“…In obese pediatric subjects, our study showed that plasma catestatin levels were significantly lower in obese subjects in comparison to non-obese counterparts (10.57 ± 5.13 vs. 13.49 ± 6.18 ng/mL, p < 0.05). Furthermore, when dividing obese subjects in two groups according to the presence of metabolic syndrome, catestatin was significantly lower in the subgroup of obese children with concomitant metabolic syndrome (8.52 ± 3.89, p < 0.05), showing that the evidence in mice models regarding the role of catestatin in metabolic disorders translated to the clinical setting [ 81 , 82 ].…”

Catestatin induces glycogenesis by stimulating the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase‐AKT pathway

“…[32][33][34][35][36] Although pancreastatin (PST: hCgA 250-301 ) is an anti-insulin and proinflammatory peptide, 37,38 catestatin (CST: CgA 352-372 ) is a proinsulin and anti-inflammatory peptide 39,40 and is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in patients undergoing dialysis. 41 The lack of all CgA peptides makes the CgA knockout mice (CgA-KO) more sensitive to insulin despite being obese. 42 In addition, opposite to wild-type (WT) mice, CgA-KO mice can maintain insulin sensitivity even after 4 months of high-fat diet (HFD).…”

“…Chromogranin A (CgA), a ~49 kDa proprotein, gives rise to peptides with opposing regulatory effects 32‐36 . Although pancreastatin (PST: hCgA 250‐301 ) is an anti‐insulin and proinflammatory peptide, 37,38 catestatin (CST: CgA 352‐372 ) is a proinsulin and anti‐inflammatory peptide 39,40 and is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in patients undergoing dialysis 41 . The lack of all CgA peptides makes the CgA knockout mice (CgA‐KO) more sensitive to insulin despite being obese 42 .…”