Plasma processes to detect fluorine with ICPMS/MS as [M–F]⁺: an argument for building a negative mode ICPMS/MS

Abstract

The paper describes that the 2nd ionisation potential and the difference in bond energy of a metal to fluorine bond and of a metal to oxygen bond are the most important parameters to form a metal fluoride ion for the detection of fluorine in ICPMS/MS.

Challenges and trends for halogen determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: A review

“…[22][23][24] High-resolution equipment 22 can also be a suitable option to overcome spectral interferences in halogen determination, combining high sensitivity with low background signals and providing low LODs. 24 For example, this technique is suitable for determination of 35 Cl + at medium resolution (m/Δm = 4000) except in the presence of significant quantities of 70 Zn 2+ and 70 Ge 2+ . 22 Using high-resolution mode (m/Δm = 10000), 37 Cl + determination free of 36 Ar 1 H + interference has also been possible.…”

“…32 In addition, even considering a better sensitivity for this species, 138 Ba 19 F + (m/z 157) is still susceptible to polyatomic and isobaric interferences, such as from 157 Gd + and 138 Ba 18 O 1 H + , and is also highly matrix dependent. 35,36 Therefore, it is still necessary to perform a mass-shift approach in order to guarantee BaF + determination free of spectral interferences by ICP-MS. 32,34,37 With this objective, both NH 3 25 and O As an alternative strategy for fluorine determination by ICP-MS, a method using a quadrupole instrument operating in negative mode has been developed. 35,36 By making some adjustments to the nebulizer gas flow rate (0.60-0.70 L min −1 ), fluorine determination was performed in standard solution and the LOD was 400 ng mL −1 .…”

“…35,36 Therefore, it is still necessary to perform a mass-shift approach in order to guarantee BaF + determination free of spectral interferences by ICP-MS. 32,34,37 With this objective, both NH 3 25 and O As an alternative strategy for fluorine determination by ICP-MS, a method using a quadrupole instrument operating in negative mode has been developed. 35,36 By making some adjustments to the nebulizer gas flow rate (0.60-0.70 L min −1 ), fluorine determination was performed in standard solution and the LOD was 400 ng mL −1 . In the same study, chlorine, bromine, and iodine were also determined with LODs of 80, 10, and 70 ng mL −1 , respectively.…”

“…In order to minimize or remove the spectral interferences, a dynamic reaction cell (DRC) has been extensively used for halogen determination by ICP-MS, mainly for chlorine. The main polyatomic interferences 39 for this element are 16 [40][41][42][43] have studied the use of DRC with NH 3 as the reaction gas as an efficient strategy for reducing 35 Cl interferences, resulting in a significant improvement in LOD. 39 Furthermore, a mass-shift approach using DRC with H 2 as the reaction gas has been used to shift 35 Cl to 35 Cl 1 H 1 H + and 37 Cl 1 H 1 H + , leading to lower LODs.…”

“…The main polyatomic interferences 39 for this element are 16 [40][41][42][43] have studied the use of DRC with NH 3 as the reaction gas as an efficient strategy for reducing 35 Cl interferences, resulting in a significant improvement in LOD. 39 Furthermore, a mass-shift approach using DRC with H 2 as the reaction gas has been used to shift 35 Cl to 35 Cl 1 H 1 H + and 37 Cl 1 H 1 H + , leading to lower LODs. 44,45 In addition to chlorine, DRC has also been used to eliminate interferences for bromine and iodine determination by using H 2 as a reaction gas.…”