Plasma Prothrombin Time and Hematocrit Values of Blood of Dairy Cattle.

Jones, Wes; Hughes, C. D.; Swenson, M. J.; Underbjerg, G. K. L.

doi:10.3181/00379727-91-22156

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Total blood volume of a cow (mL) = BW (kg) × 57 (Hansard et al, 1953); Plasma volume (mL) = blood volume (mL) × 0.658 (Jones et al, 1956); Amount of adiponectin present in circulation (mg) = plasma adiponectin concentration (mg/mL) × plasma volume (mL); Amount of adiponectin secreted via milk (mg) = milk adiponectin concentration (mg/L) × milk yield (L);…”

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confidence: 99%

Short communication: Circulating and milk adiponectin change differently during energy deficiency at different stages of lactation in dairy cows

Singh

Häußler

Gross

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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Adiponectin, one of the most abundant adipokines in circulation, is known for its role in regulation of body metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a negative energy balance (NEB) at 2 stages of lactation (lactational NEB at the onset of lactation and an induced NEB by feed restriction near 100 d of lactation) on circulating adiponectin concentrations. We also investigated the effect of feed restriction on adiponectin concentrations in milk and the relationships of blood and milk adiponectin with selected plasma or milk variables and with measures of body condition. Plasma adiponectin was measured in 50 multiparous Holstein dairy cows throughout 3 experimental periods [i.e., period 1 = 3 wk antepartum up to 12 wk postpartum, period 2 = 3 wk of feed restriction starting at around 100 d in milk with a control (n = 25) and feed-restricted group (50% of energy requirements; n = 25), and period 3 = subsequent realimentation period for 8 wk]. Milk adiponectin was investigated among 21 multiparous cows at wk 2 and wk 12 of period 1 and wk 2 of period 2. Adiponectin concentrations in plasma and skim milk were measured using an in-house ELISA specific for bovine adiponectin. Major changes in circulating adiponectin concentrations were observed during the periparturient period, whereas energy deficiency during established lactation at around 100 d in milk and subsequent refeeding did not affect plasma adiponectin. Together with lower adiponectin concentrations in milk (μg/mL), the reduction in milk yield led to decreased adiponectin secretion via milk (mg/d) at the second week of feed restriction. Irrespective of time and treatment, milk adiponectin represented about 0.002% of total milk protein. Mean adiponectin concentrations in milk (0.61 ± 0.03 μg/mL) were about 92% lower than the mean plasma adiponectin concentrations (32.1 ± 1.0 μg/mL). The proportion of the steady-state plasma adiponectin pool secreted daily via milk was 2.7%. In view of the similar extent of NEB in both periods of energy deficiency, decreasing adiponectin concentrations seems important for accomplishing the adaptation to the rapidly increasing metabolic rates in early lactation, whereas the lipolytic reaction toward feed restriction-induced NEB during established lactation seems to occur largely independent of changes in circulating adiponectin. Key words: adiponectin , milk , energy deficiency , dairy cow Short CommunicationWith the onset of lactation in high-producing dairy cows, milk synthesis leads to an approximately 4-fold increase in total energy requirements compared with pregnant and nonlactating state (Block et al., 2001), which is often accompanied by insufficient voluntary feed intake. The period of negative energy balance (NEB) is associated with changes in several metabolic key hormones, such as growth hormone and IGF-1, and the responsiveness of peripheral tissues for these hormones (Rhoads et al., 2007). The period of energy demand such as early lactation in dairy cattle is characterized by an incr...

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confidence: 99%

Short communication: Circulating and milk adiponectin change differently during energy deficiency at different stages of lactation in dairy cows

Singh

Häußler

Gross

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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Artiodactyla

Hawkey

1975

Comparative Mammalian Haematology

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Metabolism of Vitamin K and Influence on Prothrombin Time in Milk-Fed Preruminant Calves

Nestor¹,

Conrad

1990

Journal of Dairy Science

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The metabolism of vitamin K was studied in 66 preruminant veal calves that were fed supplemental menadione sodium bisulfite complex or phylloquinone. Menadione sodium bisulfite complex was converted by intestinal microorganisms to menaquinone-4 and absorbed and stored in the liver as menaquinone-4. Phylloquinone was absorbed unchanged. Production of menaquinones 6, 7, 8, and 10 by intestinal microorganisms also was observed, but was not dependent upon dietary vitamin K. No difference was noted in prothrombin time among the groups. Intestinal microorganisms provide sufficient vitamin K to meet the physiological needs of calves fed milk replacers. Menaquinone-4 was the form of vitamin K used to meet the calf's requirement.

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Plasma Prothrombin Time and Hematocrit Values of Blood of Dairy Cattle.

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Short communication: Circulating and milk adiponectin change differently during energy deficiency at different stages of lactation in dairy cows

Short communication: Circulating and milk adiponectin change differently during energy deficiency at different stages of lactation in dairy cows

Artiodactyla

Metabolism of Vitamin K and Influence on Prothrombin Time in Milk-Fed Preruminant Calves

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