Plasma-surface interaction experimental device: PSIEC and its first plasma exposure experiments on bulk tungsten and coatings

Xu, Yue; Xu, Yunfeng; Wu, Zhaoyang; Luo, Laima; Zan, Xiang; Yao, Gang; Xi, Ya; Wang, Yafeng; Ding, Xiao-Yu; Bi, Hailin; Zhu, Xiaohua; Xu, Qiu; Wu, Ji; Wu, Yucheng

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.112198

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Currently, several linear plasma generators are being used to simulate the peripheral plasma of tokamaks and nuclear fusion reactors. However, widely recognized and frequently cited results have primarily been obtained from the following installations: PSI-2 [17], STEP [18], PISCES-B [19], PREFACE [20], VEHICLE-1 [21], NAGDIS-II [22], Pilot-PSI [23], Magnum-PSI [24,25], and PSIEC [26]. Table 2 provides the technical specifications of these linear plasma generators, and the key characteristics of the KAZ-PSI installation are compared with the characteristics of existing linear plasma devices.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linear Plasma Device for the Study of Plasma–Surface Interactions

Rakhadilov,

Satbayeva,

Kusainov

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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At the research and production company “PlasmaScience” (Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan), a linear plasma generator installation, KAZ-PSI (Kazakhstan Plasma Generator for Plasma Surface Interactions), has been developed and constructed for the study of the interaction of plasma and materials. This article outlines some features of the developed experimental installation designed for the investigation of surface–plasma interactions. The primary components of the linear plasma installation include an electron-beam gun with a LaB6 cathode, a plasma-beam discharge chamber, an interaction chamber, a target device, and an electromagnetic system comprising electromagnetic coils. The KAZ-PSI unit enables continuous plasma generation using hydrogen, deuterium, helium, argon, and nitrogen. The electron density of the plasma is in the range of about 1017–1018 m−3 and the electron temperature is in the range of 1 to 20 eV. The incident ion energy is regulated by applying a negative potential of up to 2 kV to the target. Experiments on the irradiation of tungsten with helium plasma were carried out using the KAZ-PSI installation for the first time. This article presents the research findings on the structure and properties of tungsten relative to the temperature of helium plasma irradiation. Alterations in roughness, microstructure, hardness, modulus of elasticity, and erosion of the tungsten’s surface following helium plasma irradiation at varying temperatures were examined. The study’s results indicate that helium plasma irradiation induces changes in the morphology of the tungsten’s surface, creating surface relief due to sputtering by helium ions, as well as the formation of blisters. Mechanical testing revealed that after irradiation at T = 500 °C, there was an increase in hardness of up to 10%, and a slight decrease in modulus of elasticity. And after irradiation at T = 900 °C and T = 1300 °C, both hardness and elastic modulus decreased with rising temperature. The tungsten surface erosion evaluation results showed that the degrees of surface erosion increase with increasing target temperature.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Technical characteristics of existing linear plasma installations and the KAZ-PSI plasma installation[26].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear Plasma Device for the Study of Plasma–Surface Interactions

Rakhadilov,

Satbayeva,

Kusainov

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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“…Hydrogen isotope PDP experiments were carried out in the laboratory-scale linear plasma facility PSIEC (Plasma-Surface Interaction system under Extreme Conditions) [13]. Shown in figure 2(a) is a schematic diagram of PSIEC with PDP setup.…”

Section: Hydrogen Isotope Pdpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taking into account of the reflected particles, the net implantation flux can be obtained. More details of the characterization of PSIEC plasmas can be found in our previous studies [13,16].…”

Section: Hydrogen Isotope Pdpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen isotope plasma-driven permeation through RAFM steel: isotope exchange and helium irradiation effect

Yang

et al. 2022

Nucl. Fusion

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Hydrogen isotope exchange in CLAM steel was investigated by plasma-driven permeation measurements in the temperature range of ~670-920 K. It was found that as introducing H into D plasma, the permeation flux of HD increased while that of D2 decreased. The total D permeation flux, however, remained almost unchanged. Such a result allowed the analysis of isotope replacement and showed that the reduction of D2 is balanced by the rise of HD. In addition, the formation of HD was found to be closely related to the H and D contents in plasma. Hydrogen isotopic effects on H and D plasma dissociation/ionization rate and on incident flux were evaluated by measuring plasma parameters including electron temperature and electron density using a triple Langmuir probe. The correlation between isotope effects on ionization rate in the plasma and isotope effects in the permeation flux was discussed. He plasma pre-irradiation and seeding during D plasma-driven permeation were also conducted to investigate the He effects on D diffusion. The total D permeation flux was found to be reduced by He seeding. Data analysis of Langmuir probe showed that ionization rate of D plasma was influenced by He seeding. Besides, under simultaneous D + He irradiation, He atoms were preferentially trapped at the defects resulting in a shallower D concentration gradient that described the observed decrease in D permeation rate. He plasma pre-irradiation was found to reduce D permeation flux with a much slow breakthrough to reach steady-state. The amount of D trapped at He-induced defects was derived quantitatively from the transient permeation curves. It is believed that He bubbles formed at the near surface act as trapping sites of D atoms, leading to a reduced effective diffusion coefficient and an enhanced retention in the material.

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“…The Zeeman splitting of D α 656.10 nm and H α 656.28 nm in the KSTAR tokamak showed that the internal magnetic field could be determined by analyzing the circularly polarized spectral lines emitted by the plasma impurities [16]. The Abel inversion method was used to calculate the radial magnetic field B r , the magnetic field pitch angle and the boundary impurity densities n z [17][18][19][20][21][22] from the Zeeman splitting polarization characteristics of H α (656.28 nm) based on calibrated light intensity [23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing simulated and experimental spectral line splitting in visible spectroscopy diagnostics in the HL-2A tokamak

Wu¹,

Du²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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We established Passive-Visible Spectroscopy Diagnostics (P-VSD) and Active-VSD (A-VSD) spectral splitting models for HL-2A Tokamak. Spectral splitting is due to the influence of electromagnetic (EM) fields on the spectral lines in VSD diagnostics. Zeeman splitting induced by the magnetic field (B) in P-VSD is used to distinguish reflection light overlap in the divertor. Stark splitting caused by the Lorentz electric field (ELorentz) from the Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) particle's interaction with the magnetic field (Vbeam×B) is used to measure the safety factor q in A-VSD. We give a comparison and error analysis by fitting the experimental spectra with the simulation results. The distinguishing of edge (Scrape-Off Layer, SOL, and divertor) Hydrogen/Deuterium (H/D) spectral lines and the q profile derived from the spectra provide a reference for the HL-2M VSD design.

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Plasma-surface interaction experimental device: PSIEC and its first plasma exposure experiments on bulk tungsten and coatings

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Linear Plasma Device for the Study of Plasma–Surface Interactions

Linear Plasma Device for the Study of Plasma–Surface Interactions

Hydrogen isotope plasma-driven permeation through RAFM steel: isotope exchange and helium irradiation effect

Comparing simulated and experimental spectral line splitting in visible spectroscopy diagnostics in the HL-2A tokamak

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