Plasma Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Poor Sleep Quality and Night-Time Eating at Mid-Pregnancy in Singapore

Abstract

Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) deficiency, poor sleep quality, and night-time eating, have been independently associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but their inter-relationships are yet to be evaluated. We aimed to investigate the associations between maternal plasma 25OHD status and sleep quality and circadian eating patterns during pregnancy. Data on pregnant women (n = 890) from a prospective cohort (Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes) were analyzed. Plasma 25OHD concentration was measured, while the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and 24-h dietary recall were administered to women at 26–28 weeks’ gestation. Plasma 25OHD status was defined as sufficient (>75 nmol/L), insufficient (50–75 nmol/L), or deficient (<50 nmol/L). Poor sleep quality was defined by a total global PSQI score >5. Predominantly day-time (pDT) and predominantly night-time (pNT) were defined according to consumption of greater proportion of calories (i.e., >50%) from 07:00–18:59 and from 19:00–06:59, respectively. After adjustment for confounders, women with plasma 25OHD deficiency had higher odds of poor sleep quality (odds ratio (OR) 3.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.84–6.63) and pNT eating (OR: 1.85; 95% CI 1.00–3.41) than those who were 25OHD sufficient. Our findings show the association of maternal plasma 25OHD deficiency with poor sleep quality and pNT eating at mid-pregnancy.

The Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…As a result, 9 studies were included in our meta-analysis. The detailed study selection is described in Figure 1 [ 20 , 26 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

“…Two studies were conducted in United States [ 20 , 31 ], two in France [ 32 , 34 ], and the rest in other countries. Most studies were mixed gender, two included only women [ 26 , 33 ], and one was only male [ 20 ]. For vitamin D deficiency cut-off value, the included studies mainly used 20 ng/mL [ 20 , 26 , 31 , 33 , 35 ] in accordance with the criteria suggested by Institute of Medicine (IOM) [ 38 ]; three studies used 30 ng/mL [ 32 , 34 , 37 ], and only one study used 10 ng/mL [ 36 ] as the cut-off value.…”

Light and Circadian Signaling Pathway in Pregnancy: Programming of Adult Health and Disease

“…Of note is that not only constant light, but also diurnal light deficiency and/or continuous darkness, are disruptive for the circadian system. Several conditions related to diurnal light deficiency, such as living at high latitudes [75] and vitamin D deficiency [76], have been linked to chronodisruption. Additionally, serotonin, the precursor of melatonin, was reported to adjust circadian rhythms through serotonergic afferents [77].…”

A Case Report of Mixed Osteomalacia and Low Bone Density from Vitamin D Deficiency as a Cause of Bilateral Tibial Stress Fractures in a Young Male Military Recruit from Singapore

“…is may be explained by their smaller muscle size, dietary difference, and bone anatomy [8]. Vitamin D deficiency also increases the risk of stress fractures [9]. In a study of 1082 Royal Marine military recruits, vitamin D deficiency below 20 μg/L has been associated with increased risk of stress fractures in military recruits [5].…”

“…It is often misconceived that a tropical country has low rates of vitamin D deficiency. Recent studies reported that vitamin D deficiency (<20 μg/dL) was present in 13.4% of pregnant women [9] and 42% of healthy individuals [1]. In Singapore, the enrollment for compulsory national service is 18 years old which is a critical time of accruing bone mass, as peak bone mass range from early to late 20s [10].…”