Plasminogen activator activity in tears of pregnant women

Abstract

PurposePlasminogen activator activity (PAA) in tears of pregnant women was investigated at various gestation times to assess the availability of plasminogen activator for aiding potential corneal wound healing processes during pregnancy.MethodsPAA was measured by a spectrophotometric method. The analysis used 91 tear samples from pregnant and non-pregnant women, supplemented with 10 additional tear PAA measurements from non-pregnant women obtained in a previous study.ResultsTear levels of PAA in pregnant women formed a bimodal distribution. Either the tear PAA level was zero or non-zero during pregnancy. When non-zero, the tear PAA level was dissociated from gestation time and not different than non-pregnant and post-pregnant levels. The frequency of occurrence of zero level tear PAA increased with gestation: 16%, 17% and 46% had zero tear PAA in samples taken from women in the first, second and third trimester, respectively.ConclusionsOverall, of the tear samples taken from women during pregnancy, a total of 26% were at zero tear PAA. The remaining tear samples had non-zero tear PAA values throughout gestation equivalent to non-pregnant tear PAA values, suggesting local control of the source of PAA in tears. Given the importance of the plasminogen activator system in tears to wound healing in the cornea, and the high occurrence of zero tear PAA in our sample of pregnant women, elective corneal surgery would be contraindicated. If corneal surgery is nevertheless necessary, the tear PAA level would be worth checking and patients with low level should be closely observed during the postoperative period.

Comparative Study of Fibrinolytic Response amongst Malarious Pregnant and Non Malarious Subjects in Rivers State, Nigeria

“…It should be of note that these cytokines which are the interleukin 6 and Tissue Necrotic Factor [TNF] are responsible for inducing the production of platelet and tissue plasminogen activator [tPA] in cases of coexistence of malaria with another condition that could lead to bleeding PAI-1 and PAI-2 were elevated in all the pregnant women though more elevated in malaria infected pregnant women than the other experimental groups. The observed elevation in all the pregnant women is in consonance with previous reports by [26] that plasminogen activators are elevated for the good of pregnant women and in gestational tissues as they are required for normal placentation especially the PAI-2. This result also agrees with the report of [27] which reported that increase in the concentration of PAI-1 and PAIinfected women could also be as result of large numbers of proinflammatory cytokines being released due to malaria infection as well as in pregnancy more over PAI-2 also increases as the pregnancy increases [27].…”

“…This finding agrees with the report by [3] and [12] 2 were elevated in all the pregnant women though more elevated in malaria infected pregnant women than the other experimental groups. The observed elevation in all the pregnant women is in consonance with [26] that plasminogen activators are elevated for the good of pregnant women and in gestational tissues as they are required for normal placentation especially the 2. This result also agrees with the report of [27] which reported that increase in the -2 in malaria infected women could also be as result of large numbers of proinflammatory cytokines being released due to malaria infection as well as in 2 also increases as Malaria and pregnancy in this study influenced dimer both in malaria positive pregnant and in malaria negative pregnant women respectively.…”

Investigation of chitosan‐g‐PEG grafted nanoparticles as a half‐life enhancer carrier for tissue plasminogen activator delivery

“…Entrapped enzyme activity was assayed using a colourimetric method based on S‐2251 substrates [46, 47]. Substrate solution was prepared briefly by adding 1 ml Tris (0.5 M, pH = 7.4) and 5 μl Tween‐20 to 1 ml of 3 mM S‐2251.…”

A Comparative Study of Coagulation Profile in Normal Pregnancy, Mild Preeclampsia, and Severe Preeclampsia Patients

“…6 If the stimulus to fibrinolysis is strong enough, tissue plasminogen activator levels stay normal during pregnancy, allowing the pregnant woman to create enough plasmin to eliminate unwanted fibrin clots from the bloodstream. 7 Because delivery is typically followed by an immediate increase in plasma fibrinolytic activity, it is suggested that the placenta is responsible for the decreased fibrinolytic activity that characterizes normal pregnancy. 8 Additionally, after delivery, fibrin degradation products typically increase significantly.…”