Plasmonic Ferroelectric Modulator Monolithically Integrated on SiN for 216 GBd Data Transmission

Kohli, Manuel; Chelladurai, D.; Messner, A.; Horst, Y.; Moor, D.; Winiger, J.; Blatter, T.; Buriakova, T.; Convertino, Clarissa; Eltes, Felix; Zervas, M.; Fedoryshyn, Y.; Koch, Ueli; Leuthold, Juerg

doi:10.1109/jlt.2023.3260064

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The modulation process involves modifying the refractive index of the active medium, situated between the layers of the MOS waveguide, through forward biasing of the MOS waveguide using an external electrical potential applied between the noble metal layer (positive) and the Si layer (ground), as illustrated in figure (2). Upon applying bias to the MOS waveguide, the effective index of the optical mode shifts, leading to variations in the modal overlap between neighboring waveguides [22][23].…”

Section: The Working Principle Of Hybrid Plasmonic Electrooptic Modul...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results obtained at the telecommunication wavelength (1550 nm) are utilized for validation, comparing them with the outcomes from various previous works that employed similar technology. The validation process and corresponding results are presented in table (2).…”

Section: Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the limited electric-tooptic conversion efficiency of silicon-based modulators hinders their modulation performance. As a result, there is an urgent need for new materials that combine CMOS compatibility with highly efficient electric-to-optic conversion, essential for advancing silicon-based modulator technology [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of a more Compact and Efficient Hybrid Plasmonic Electro-Optic Modulator using 3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm

Elbialy,

Raslan,

El-den

2024

Preprint

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The development of Hybrid Plasmonic Electro-Optic Broad-Band Modulators with substantial modulation depth, compact design, and low power consumption has garnered significant attention not only from the scientific community but also from the industrial sector. These devices hold the potential to revolutionize on-chip optical interconnects. This paper demonstrates an ultra-compact and ultra-fast hybrid plasmonic EO modulator based on a monolayer of an active material called ITO. By electrically tuning the refractive index of ITO through an external electrical signal with a low operation voltage ranging from 0 to 4 volts, the device achieves a high modulation depth of ≈ 38% (transmission at ON state is ≈ 71.7%, while transmission at OFF state is ≈ 1.89%) and low energy consumption of (11.384–22.7) fJ/bit. Additionally, it features a compact footprint of 11 µm² at the telecommunication wavelength (1550 nm). These combined advantages, spanning a broad range of wavelengths, have the potential to enable novel architectures for on-chip optical communications.

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Section: The Working Principle Of Hybrid Plasmonic Electrooptic Modul...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of a more Compact and Efficient Hybrid Plasmonic Electro-Optic Modulator using 3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm

Elbialy,

Raslan,

El-den

2024

Preprint

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“…This opens the possibility to embed them on many different technological platforms. For example, recent demonstrations showed successful integration on silicon nitride (Kohli et al, 2022) with operation up to 216 GBd symbol rates. This is a very versatile photonic technology, offering ultra-low optical losses together with negligible non-linear absorption in the telecom wavelengths.…”

Section: Future Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonics for microwave photonics in the THz range

Burla

Hoessbacher²,

Heni³

et al. 2023

Front. Photon.

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THz frequencies offer enormous amounts of bandwidth, which could solve the current speed bottleneck for next-generation wireless communications. Recent reports show sub-THz links offering capacities of hundreds of Gbit/s, finally approaching those of state-of-the-art optical transmission channels. Non-etheless, generation, transport, detection and processing of signals in the THz range is far from being a trivial task. Even though the recent evolution of integrated technology is starting to indicate that chip-scale THz technology could gradually close the so-called “THz gap,” much work still needs to be done to enable functional systems, in particular in terms of efficiency. Photonics can be of help, thanks to its extremely low loss and broad bandwidth. Yet, a particularly critical aspect hindering the deployment of THz technology is that state-of-the-art photonics devices generally do not offer sufficient electro-optical bandwidth to process THz signals. Plasmonics, by focusing electromagnetic surface waves at sub-wavelength scales, can play a key role in this quest, as it finally enables the realization of electro-optical devices such as modulators and detectors displaying sufficient compactness and speeds to reach the THz range. This paper overviews recent achievements on plasmonic-based modulators displaying characteristics of speed, efficiency and linearity that enable high-performance access to this much desired frequency range.

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“…Historically, electro-optic organic materials were used first, which led to the term "plasmonic organic hybrid (POH)" approach [26]. Meanwhile also ferroelectric BTO and LiNbO3 plasmonic modulators have emerged [20], [27], [28]. These modulators are of interest when thermal stability might be an issue as they have already shown to sustain temperatures up to 250 °C [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Electro-Optic Modulators – A Review

Smajic,

Leuthold

2024

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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Electro-optical modulators are key components in photonic communications, and they are decisively important for the quality and data transmission rates. They encode information by modulating the amplitude, phase, frequency or polarization of an optical wave in response to an electrical field. This paper offers a detailed review on plasmonic modulators, their structure, variations, capabilities, and figures of merit.

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Plasmonic Ferroelectric Modulator Monolithically Integrated on SiN for 216 GBd Data Transmission

Cited by 19 publications

References 47 publications

Modeling of a more Compact and Efficient Hybrid Plasmonic Electro-Optic Modulator using 3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm

Modeling of a more Compact and Efficient Hybrid Plasmonic Electro-Optic Modulator using 3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm

Plasmonics for microwave photonics in the THz range

Plasmonic Electro-Optic Modulators – A Review

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