Plasmonic Hot Hole Generation by Interband Transition in Gold-Polyaniline

Barman, Tapan; Hussain, Amreen A.; Sharma, B. L.; Pal, Arup R.

doi:10.1038/srep18276

Cited by 59 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The holes from the transition are distributed in the 6sp and 5d bands in accordance with the incident photon energy . If the hot holes have adequate energy, the holes could participate in the redox reaction . The physics of the interband transition in Au NPs is also well analyzed .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Octahedral Gold Nanoparticles of Maximized Near Electromagnetic Fields for Enhancing Catalytic Hole Transfer in Solar Water Splitting

Moon

Lee

Sohn

et al. 2016

Part. Part. Syst. Charact.

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Due to their localized surface plasmon resonances in visible spectrum, noble metal nanostructures have been considered for improving the photoactivity of wide bandgap semiconductors. Improved photoactivity is attributed to localized surface plasmon relaxations such as direct electron injection and resonant energy transfer. However, the details on the plasmonic solar water splitting through near electromagnetic field enhancement have not been fully understood. Here, the authors report that shape‐controlled gold nanoparticles on wide bandgap semiconductors improve the water‐splitting photoactivity of the semiconductors with over‐bandgap photon energies compared to sub‐bandgap photon energies. It is revealed that hot hole injection into the oxygen evolution reaction potential is the rate‐limiting step in plasmonic solar water splitting. The proposed concept of photooxidation catalysts derived from an ensemble of gold nanoparticles having sharp vertices is applicable to various photocatalytic semiconductors and provides a theoretical framework to explore new efficient plasmonic photoelectrodes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Octahedral Gold Nanoparticles of Maximized Near Electromagnetic Fields for Enhancing Catalytic Hole Transfer in Solar Water Splitting

Moon

Lee

Sohn

et al. 2016

Part. Part. Syst. Charact.

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“…The low conductivity originated from the low conductivity of PANI-EB plate. [45] The internal resistance of Al/PANI-dopant/Au devices was lower than that of Al/PANI-EB/Au. The inset in Figure 4c shows the setup for testing plate Z-axial direction resistance.…”

Section: Wwwadvelectronicmatdementioning

confidence: 93%

Doping Effect on Conducting Polymer‐Metal Schottky DC Generators

Shao

Fang

Wang

et al. 2018

Adv Elect Materials

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nitride (InN) nanowire energy harvesters [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] ; 2) triboelectric-based generators with multiple electrification pairs or a sliding Schottky nanocontact [15][16][17] ; 3) conducting polymer-metal Schottky diodes. [18,19] In our previous studies, we have demonstrated that a conducting polymer film when forming a Schottky contact with a metal (such as Al or Al alloy) can produce DC outputs under compressive deformations. [18,19] The devices showed a large energy density. They are easy to fabricate, offering great potential for applications in various self-powered electronic devices.Polyaniline (PANI) is a major conducting polymer possessing high conductivity and processing ability. [20] It has shown vast application potential in the fields of supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, EMI shielding, and gas separation. [21][22][23] PANI can be easily doped and de-doped. The dopant and doping state have a great effect on the electrical properties of PANI. [24] For example, PANI emeraldine base (PANI-EB), i.e., non-doped PANI, is almost nonconductive with an electrical resistivity as high as 10 10 Ω cm −1 . [25] The conductivity is largely enhanced when doped with a protonic acid. [26] The dopant effect was attributed to the change of PANI crystallinity, interchain distance, and energy bandgap, hence leading to change in chemical and physical properties (e.g., electrochemical, spectroscopic, and modulus). [24,27,28] However, how dopant affects the energy conversion property of PANI-metal Schottky diodes has not been reported in research literature.In this study, we have for the first time demonstrated the effect of dopants on the mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion behavior of a conducting polymer-metal Schottky power generator. PANI was used as a conducting polymer model, which was doped with four protonic acids; orthophosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), perchloric acid (HClO 4 ), and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The dopants showed a great effect on energy conversion property. The device made of nondoped PANI only produced up to 1.5 mV and 0.55 nA cm −2 electrical outputs. The one from HCl-doped PANI generated much higher outputs (0.9 V and 33.9 µA cm −2 ) than those from PANI doped with other protonic acids. The change in electrical outputs was attributed to the effect of dopant on barrier height and conductivity. For Al/PANI-HCl/Au, the barrier height decreased significantly from 0.87 to 0.78 eV when the Conducting polymer-metal Schottky diodes show an interesting mechanical energy-to-electricity conversion ability to generate direct current (DC) power without rectification. However, little is reported about how dopants in conducting polymer affect the energy conversion behavior of Schottky diodes. In this study, a novel effect of dopants on mechanical energy-to-DC electricity conversion of conducting polymer-metal Schottky devices is demonstrated. Using polyaniline (PANI) as a model, conducting polymers doped with a series of protonic acids is prepared. Without dopant, the dev...

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“…Now, in case of Au coated ZnO NRs, spectroscopy shows three bands primarily centered at 373, 450 and 700 nm respectively. The band position at 373 nm corresponds to the presence of ZnO whereas the other band represents the d-sp interband transitions (450 for transverse mode and 700 for longitudinal mode) of Au [9]. Additionally broadening of the absorption band in the UV region has been observed with metal coating signifying the coupling between excitionic transitions of ZnO and transverse plasmon resonance of Au [9].…”

Section: Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This provides a unique way to concentrate and manipulate light at the nano-dimensions. Moreover, decay of these SPPs into hot carriers can definitely be utilized for improvement in the device performance [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The d-sp transition in Au causes generation of hot holes in d bands while hot electrons in sp band [9]. Moreover, hot electrons will be hindered while crossing the Schottky barrier as these are not energetic and have energies near the Fermi level, thus cannot go to the ZnO CB level by crossing the barrier; hence only contributors in the photocurrent enhancement are the hot holes [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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