“…The papers examined consider the use of a system of interconnected smart contracts, mostly written in Solidity (Sahoo and Halder, 2020;Dua et al, 2020), which allow interaction between stakeholders to make the process more efficient (Gupta and Bedi, 2018;Utomo et al, 2020), and the creation of automatic reward and penalty systems (Lamichhane et al, 2017;Dasaklis et al, 2020). Several papers focus on defining the actors of the blockchain-based system, their roles, and the use of strategies to involve citizens (Scott et al, 2021;Dua et al, 2020;Pelonero et al, 2020;Koscina et al, 2019;Utomo et al, 2020). The proposed architectures include multiple subsystems to ensure efficient and cost-saving use of the blockchain and proper utilization of computational and storage resources (Laouar et al, 2019;França et al, 2020).…”