Plasticized PVC reinforced with cellulose whiskers. I. Linear viscoelastic behavior analyzed through the quasi-point defect theory

Chazeau, Laurent; Paillet, M.; Cavaillé, J.Y.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(19990815)37:16<2151::aid-polb17>3.0.co;2-v

Cited by 83 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Afterwards, many research studies were done in order to process nanocomposites by using matrices such as poly (β-hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO) [107,108], polyvinylchloride (PVC) [109][110][111][112], waterborne epoxy [113], natural rubber [10], and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) [72]. In all these reports, the polysaccharide nanoparticles suspensions were dispersed with the polymer emulsion in aqueous medium.…”

Section: Emulsion Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulosic Bionanocomposites: A Review of Preparation, Properties and Applications

2010

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Cellulose is the most abundant biomass material in nature. Extracted from natural fibers, its hierarchical and multi-level organization allows different kinds of nanoscaled cellulosic fillers-called cellulose nanocrystals or microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)-to be obtained. Recently, such cellulose nanoparticles have been the focus of an exponentially increasing number of works or reviews devoted to understanding such materials and their applications. Major studies over the last decades have shown that cellulose nanoparticles could be used as fillers to improve mechanical and barrier properties of biocomposites. Their use for industrial packaging is being investigated, with continuous studies to find innovative solutions for efficient and sustainable systems. Processing is more and more important and different systems are detailed in this paper depending on the polymer solubility, i.e., (i) hydrosoluble systems, (ii) non-hydrosoluble systems, and (iii) emulsion systems. This paper intends to give a clear overview of cellulose nanoparticles reinforced composites with more than 150 references by describing their preparation, characterization, properties and applications. OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2010, 2 729

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Section: Emulsion Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulosic Bionanocomposites: A Review of Preparation, Properties and Applications

2010

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“…For this reason, the interface area offered by the whiskers surface is high. This might lead to the formation of an interphase in which mechanical properties of the matrix are modified like the nanocomposite of plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) matrix reinforced by cellulose whiskers [44]. In addition, Dong et al [45] also studied the effect of preparation conditions (time, temperature, and ultrasound treatment) on the resulting cellulose microcrystals structure from sulfuric acid hydrolysis of cotton fiber.…”

Section: Cellulosic Whiskersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnology and its applications in lignocellulosic composites, a mini review

Kamel¹

2007

Express Polym. Lett.

240

109

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Abstract. Nanotechnology has applications across most economic sectors and allows the development of new enabling science. The ability to see materials down to nanoscale dimensions and to control how materials are constructed at the nanoscale is providing the opportunity to develop new materials and products in previously unimagined ways. This review covers the academic and industrial aspects of the preparation, characterization, material properties, crystallization behavior; melt rheology, and processing of polymer/cellulose or cellulose/cellulose nanocomposites. Cellulosic materials have a great potential as nanomaterials because they are abundant, renewable, have a nanofibrillar structure, can be made multifunctional, and self-assemble into well-defined architectures. The fibrillation of pulp fiber to obtain nano-orderunit web-like network structure, called microfibrillated cellulose, is obtained through a mechanical treatment of pulp fibers, consisting of refining and high pressure homogenizing processes. Also, nano-whisker can be used as novel reinforcement in nanocomposites; it can be obtained by acid hydrolysis from various sources such as wood, tunicin, ramie, cotton, wheat straw, bacterial cellulose, and sugar beet. The properties of nanocomposite materials depend not only on the properties of their individual parents, but also on their morphology and interfacial characteristics. Compared with plant cellulose, bacterial cellulose has found many applications in the biomedical field as tissue engineering materials due to their good biocompatibility, mechanical properties similar to those of hard and soft tissue and easy fabrication into a variety of shapes with adjustable interconnected porosity. One of the drawbacks of cellulose whiskers with polar surfaces is poor dispersibility/compatibility with nonpolar solvents or resins. Thus, their incorporation as reinforcing materials for nanocomposites has so far been largely limited to aqueous or polar systems. To overcome this problem and broaden the type of possible polymer matrices, efforts of surface modification have been made. These attempts include surfactant coating or graft copolymerization.

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“…Therefore, the average aspect ratio, L/D, is 13.3, which is close to the dimensions of commercial chitin (16) [18] and squid pen (15), [19] but much lower than that of cellulose whiskers from tunicate (70). [20] This can be explained by suggesting that the cotton linter pulp has been treated with acid and sodium hydroxide to remove the impurities and bleached with sodium hypochlorite during the production process, which partly destroys the cellulose's crystalline structure. SEM images of the fracture surfaces of SC-0, SC-10, SC-20 and SC-30 are shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Morphology and Structure Of Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cellulose Whiskers on Properties of Soy Protein Thermoplastics

Wang

Cao

Zhang

2006

Macromolecular Bioscience

216

110

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Environmentally-friendly SPI/cellulose whisker composites were successfully prepared using a colloidal suspension of cellulose whiskers, to reinforce soy protein isolate (SPI) plastics. The cellulose whiskers, having an average length of 1.2 microm and diameter of 90 nm, respectively, were prepared from cotton linter pulp by hydrolyzing with sulfuric acid aqueous solution. The effects of the whisker content on the morphology and properties of the glycerol-plasticized SPI composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, water-resistivity testing and tensile testing. The results indicated that, with the addition of 0 to 30 wt.-% of cellulose whiskers, strong interactions occurred both between the whiskers and between the filler and the SPI matrix, reinforcing the composites and preserving their biodegradability. Both the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the SPI/cellulose whisker composites increased from 5.8 to 8.1 MPa and from 44.7 to 133.2 MPa, respectively, at a relative humidity of 43%, following an increase of the whisker content from 0 to 30 wt.-%. Furthermore, the incorporation of the cellulose whiskers into the SPI matrix led to an improvement in the water resistance for the SPI-based composites.

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Plasticized PVC reinforced with cellulose whiskers. I. Linear viscoelastic behavior analyzed through the quasi-point defect theory

Cited by 83 publications

References 28 publications

Cellulosic Bionanocomposites: A Review of Preparation, Properties and Applications

Cellulosic Bionanocomposites: A Review of Preparation, Properties and Applications

Nanotechnology and its applications in lignocellulosic composites, a mini review

Effects of Cellulose Whiskers on Properties of Soy Protein Thermoplastics

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