Plastics Flammability Handbook

Troitzsch, Jürgen; Antonatus, Edith

doi:10.3139/9781569907634.fm

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…This effect was also supported by the presence of nitrogen from urea. The nitrogen compounds can promote the generation of a layer of gaseous products, which protects the material from the heat of the flaming zone, and volatile products can also act as radical interceptors [ 46 ]. Furthermore, nitrogen compounds form acids, which can catalyze the dehydration reaction of organic material, leading to char formation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Thermoplastic Starch Plasticized with Ternary Urea-Polyols Deep Eutectic Solvent with Two Selected Fillers: Microcrystalline Cellulose and Montmorillonite

Zdanowicz

Sałasińska

2023

Polymers

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The aim of the study was to prepare and characterize composite materials based on thermoplastic starch (TPS)/deep eutectic solvent (DES). Potato starch was plasticized with ternary DES: urea:glycerol:sorbitol and modified with the selected fillers: microcrystalline cellulose and sodium montmorillonite. Films were prepared via twin-screw extrusion and thermocompression of the extrudates. Then, the physicochemical properties of the TPS films were examined. The ternary DES effectively plasticized the polysaccharide leading to a highly amorphous structure of the TPS (confirmed via mechanical tests, DMTA and XRD analyses). An investigation of the behavior in water (swelling and dissolution degree) and water vapor transmission rate of the films was determined. The introduction of the two types of fillers resulted in higher tensile strength and better barrier properties of the composite TPS films. However, montmorillonite addition exhibited a higher impact than microcrystalline cellulose. Moreover, a cone calorimetry analysis of the TPS materials revealed that they showed better fire-retardant properties than TPS plasticized with a conventional plasticizer (glycerol).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Thermoplastic Starch Plasticized with Ternary Urea-Polyols Deep Eutectic Solvent with Two Selected Fillers: Microcrystalline Cellulose and Montmorillonite

Zdanowicz

Sałasińska

2023

Polymers

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“…2845 57 of leftover solvent and absorbed moisture [51]. Subsequently, in the second stage, the decomposition of the nanocomposites occurred between 580 K and 770 K. Char residue formation was observed beyond 900 K. The variation of IDT, MDT, and CRZ of neat epoxy and epoxy/MWCNT SMNCs concerning MWCNT concentration is illustrated in figure 13(b).…”

Section: Viscoelastic Properties E0(mpa) E∞(mpa)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Analysing the shape memory behaviour of MWCNT-enhanced nanocomposites: a comparative study between experimental and finite element analysis

Gupta,

Mittal,

Kumar

et al. 2024

Funct. Compos. Struct.

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Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are known for their unique ability to withstand large deformations and revert to their original shape under specific external stimuli. However, their broader application in biomedical and structural applications is restricted by limited mechanical and thermal properties. Introducing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into SMPs has proven to significantly enhance these characteristics without affecting their inherent shape memory features. This study investigates shape memory nanocomposites (SMNCs) through dynamic and thermogravimetric analyses, along with tensile, flexural, and shape memory testing, and explores fracture interfaces using scanning electron microscopy. Findings indicate optimal shape memory, thermal, and mechanical properties with 0.6 wt% MWCNT content, showcasing a shape recovery ratio of 93.11%, storage modulus of 4127.63 MPa, tensile strength of 55 MPa, and flexural strength of 107.94 MPa. Moreover, incorporating MWCNTs into epoxy demonstrated a reduction in recovery times by up to 50% at 0.6 wt% concentration. Despite a slight decrease in shape fixity ratio from 98.77% to 92.11%, shape recoverability remained nearly consistent across all samples. The study also introduces a novel finite element (FE) method in ABAQUS for modeling the thermomechanical behaviour of SMNCs, incorporating viscoelasticity, validated by matching experimental results with FE simulations, highlighting its accuracy and practical applicability in engineering.

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“…This is well above the ignition temperature of PET, HDPE and low-density polyethylene (LDPE), which is around 340°C to 440°C. 50 Any signal tripping, faulty temperature sensors or malfunction regarding the temperature settings could cause ignition of the plastic or any scrap material in close proximity.…”

Section: Hazard Identification and Risk Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Literature review and hazard identification relating to fire safety in commercial plastic recycling facilities

Devine,

Flores,

Walls

2023

Journal of Fire Sciences

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The fire risks associated with the plastic recycling process has received limited focus to date. The purpose of this article is to investigate available literature on fire incidents, detail the plastic recycling process, identify fire hazards in the plastic recycling process and consider strategies found in literature that have been adopted from research on waste and general recycling facilities. Calculated fire loads may be as high as 20 GJ/m2. Codes and standards in the literature addressing some of these hazards are discussed along with the shortfalls of the guidelines and recommendations. The primary shortfall identified is the impracticality from both a business process and financial perspective. The article concludes by recommending further work in which the hazards identified can be studied and simulated to design against destructive fires in a way that is both practical and financially feasible.

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Plastics Flammability Handbook

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Characterization of Thermoplastic Starch Plasticized with Ternary Urea-Polyols Deep Eutectic Solvent with Two Selected Fillers: Microcrystalline Cellulose and Montmorillonite

Characterization of Thermoplastic Starch Plasticized with Ternary Urea-Polyols Deep Eutectic Solvent with Two Selected Fillers: Microcrystalline Cellulose and Montmorillonite

Analysing the shape memory behaviour of MWCNT-enhanced nanocomposites: a comparative study between experimental and finite element analysis

Literature review and hazard identification relating to fire safety in commercial plastic recycling facilities

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