Fin-and-tube heat exchanging systems are the another very commonly utilised heat exchangers for thermal energy transformation, with implementations in air conditioners, cooling systems, the automotive sector, electrical gadgets, and other areas. The market for more effective refrigeration via smaller heat exchangers has resulted in extensive investigation on the subject. The thermal efficiency exploration methodologies and comprehensive flow and heat transfer analysing outcomes of fin-and-tube HEs are summarised in this review. This study also examined the massive heat transfer boosters, as well as their arrangement and shape. In addition, an overview of both theoretical and empirical research on the effectiveness of HEs is provided