Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Regenerative Medicine

Antich-Rosselló, Miquel; Forteza-Genestra, Maria Antònia; Monjo, Marta; Ramis, Joana Maria

doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0532.v1

Cited by 13 publications

References 42 publications

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Surface protein profiling of milk and serum extracellular vesicles unveil body fluid and cell-type signatures and insights on vesicle biogenesis

Giovanazzi

Herwijnen

Meulen

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The promise of extracellular vesicles (EVs)-based liquid biopsy resides in the identification of specific signatures of EVs of interest. Knowing the EV profile of a body fluid can facilitate the identification of EV-based biomarkers of diseases. To this end, we characterised purified EVs from paired human milk and serum by surface protein profiling of cellular markers in association with gold standard EV markers (tetraspanins CD9, CD63 and CD81). By using the MACSPlex bead-based flow-cytometry assay with pan-tetraspanin detection (i.e. simultaneous CD9, CD63 and CD81 detection), besides specific breast epithelial cell signatures in milk EVs and platelet signatures in serum EVs, we also identified body fluid-specific markers of immune cells and stem cells. Interestingly, comparison of pan-tetraspanin and single tetraspanin detection unveiled both body fluid-specific tetraspanin distributions and specific tetraspanin distributions associated with certain cellular markers, which were used to model the potential biogenesis route of different EV subsets and their cellular origin.

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Surface protein profiling of milk and serum extracellular vesicles unveil body fluid and cell-type signatures and insights on vesicle biogenesis

Giovanazzi

Herwijnen

Meulen

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Current status and future perspectives of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in cancer diagnosis and treatment

Zhuang,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Biomark Res

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Platelets are a significant component of the cell population in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Platelets influence other immune cells and perform cross-talk with tumour cells, playing an important role in tumour development. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles released from the cells into the TME. They can transfer biological information, including proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, from secretory cells to target receptor cells. This process affects the progression of various human diseases, particularly cancer. In recent years, several studies have demonstrated that platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) can help regulate the malignant biological behaviours of tumours, including malignant proliferation, resistance to cell death, invasion and metastasis, metabolic reprogramming, immunity, and angiogenesis. Consequently, PEVs have been identified as key regulators of tumour progression. Therefore, targeting PEVs is a potential strategy for tumour treatment. Furthermore, the extensive use of nanomaterials in medical research has indicated that engineered PEVs are ideal delivery systems for therapeutic drugs. Recent studies have demonstrated that PEV engineering technologies play a pivotal role in the treatment of tumours by combining photothermal therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. In addition, aberrant changes in PEVs are closely associated with the clinicopathological features of patients with tumours, which may serve as liquid biopsy markers for early diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and the prognostic assessment of patients with tumours. A comprehensive investigation into the role and potential mechanisms of PEVs in tumourigenesis may provide novel diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic strategies for treating human tumours.

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Beyond Blood Clotting: The Many Roles of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Muttiah,

Ng,

Lokanathan

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) are emerging as pivotal players in numerous physiological and pathological processes, extending beyond their traditional roles in hemostasis and thrombosis. As one of the most abundant vesicle types in human blood, pEVs transport a diverse array of bioactive molecules, including growth factors, cytokines, and clotting factors, facilitating crucial intercellular communication, immune regulation, and tissue healing. The unique ability of pEVs to traverse tissue barriers and their biocompatibility position them as promising candidates for targeted drug delivery and regenerative medicine applications. Recent studies have underscored their involvement in cancer progression, viral infections, wound healing, osteoarthritis, sepsis, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherothrombosis. For instance, pEVs promote tumor progression and metastasis, enhance tissue repair, and contribute to thrombo-inflammation in diseases such as COVID-19. Despite their potential, challenges remain, including the need for standardized isolation techniques and a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms of action. Current research efforts are focused on leveraging pEVs for innovative anti-cancer treatments, advanced drug delivery systems, regenerative therapies, and as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and monitoring. This review highlights the necessity of overcoming technical hurdles, refining isolation methods, and establishing standardized protocols to fully unlock the therapeutic potential of pEVs. By understanding the diverse functions and applications of pEVs, we can advance their use in clinical settings, ultimately revolutionizing treatment strategies across various medical fields and improving patient outcomes.

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Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Regenerative Medicine

Cited by 13 publications

References 42 publications

Surface protein profiling of milk and serum extracellular vesicles unveil body fluid and cell-type signatures and insights on vesicle biogenesis

Surface protein profiling of milk and serum extracellular vesicles unveil body fluid and cell-type signatures and insights on vesicle biogenesis

Current status and future perspectives of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in cancer diagnosis and treatment

Beyond Blood Clotting: The Many Roles of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

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