Platelet-derived growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in disc herniation tissue: an immunohistochemical study

Growth factor expression in degenerated intervertebral disc tissue

“…Furthermore, the fact that immunopositivity was observed more often in chondrocyte-like, than fibroblast-like, disc cells may suggest that the former disc cell type is more metabolically active participating in the cellular remodelling of disc degeneration. We have in previous studies located these same growth factors in herniated intervertebral disc tissue [26][27][28]. In herniated disc tissue the predominant immunopositive disc cell type was the chondrocyte-like disc cell [26][27][28].…”

“…We have previously demonstrated basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factorb-1 and )2 and their receptor type II in human herniated intervertebral disc tissue [26][27][28]. In the present study we have focused on these same growth factors targeting disc degeneration in the absence of herniation.…”

“…Polyclonal bovine bFGF antibody (R & D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) was used at the dilution 1:500 and polyclonal PDGF antibody (R & D Systems Inc) was used at the dilution 1:100. For all antibodies (TGFb-1, )2, TGFb receptor type II, PDGF and bFGF) preincubation with the corresponding antigen (1:10) was done [26][27][28]. Sections were also stained omitting the primary antibody.…”

Blood clots in vessels surrounding symptomatic nerve roots in disc herniation patients: a pilot study

“…Recently, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was demonstrated in 78% of DH tissue samples examined [32]. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) also has thrombopoietic activity, as shown in in vitro studies, and inflammatory disease is often coupled to reactive thrombocytosis [33].…”

Transforming growth factor β receptor induction in herniated intervertebral disc tissue: an immunohistochemical study

“…Whereas normally blood vessels are known to be sparse in disc tissue, in disc herniation tissue, the expression of growth factors, e.g., fibroblast growth factor (FGF) [25] and TGF-β, in small capillaries is suggestive of an ongoing active neovascularization process. Furthermore, such a neovascularization process is supported by the expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [26].…”