Platelet Indices be a New Biomarker for Periodontal Disease

Abstract

Background: Platelets play an important role in inflammation and hemostasis. Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease, is linked to an increase in platelet activation leading to increased risk for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Aim: The aim was to evaluate whether platelet indices (mean platelet volume [MPV], platelet distribution width [PDW], and plateletcrit [PCT]) can be a biomarker for determining the severity of periodontal disease and to assess the relation between platelet indices in patients with periodontitis and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: The study included 3 groups – moderate periodontitis, severe periodontitis, and systemically healthy controls without periodontitis. Clinical parameters recorded were clinical attachment level and probing pocket depth and venous blood samples were drawn for the analysis of MPV, PDW, and PCT. Results: ANOVA test with post hoc Tukey's test was used to compare among 3 groups. Statistical analysis of platelet indices was done using sample t -test. The mean values of MPV, PDW, and PCT gradually increased from normal to severe periodontitis. Conclusion: Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory process, causes not only increase in the quantity of platelets but also causes platelet activation which leads to change in platelet size, platelet shape, and platelet aggregation. As periodontitis causing platelet activation which seems to be a contributing factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Glucose and lipid metabolism indexes and blood inflammatory biomarkers of patients with severe periodontitis: A cross‐sectional study

“…In accordance with our results about MPV, some previous studies have demonstrated that plateletcrit, MPV, and platelet distribution width were elevated in periodontitis patients 31 . Moreover, individuals with severe periodontitis have higher PLT levels than moderate and healthy controls 32 . However, this differed from Zhan et al.’s finding that lower MPV is related to more severe periodontal inflammation 33,34 .…”

“…31 Moreover, individuals with severe periodontitis have higher PLT levels than moderate and healthy controls. 32 However, this differed from Zhan et al's finding that lower MPV is related to more severe periodontal inflammation. 33,34 This inconsistency may be due to patients in these studies suffering different levels of severity of periodontitis.…”

“…Since platelets express several molecules involved in antigen recognition and can directly react with microbes, an increase in their number and activity has been subsequently observed during periodontitis‐induced bacteremia 43 . Characterized by more granules, aggregating rapidly with collagen, having a higher thromboxane A2 level, and expressing more glycoprotein Ib and IIb/IIIa receptors, 32 activated platelets also contribute to increased systemic inflammatory burden 44 and an elevated risk for adverse cardiovascular events 45 …”

Mean platelet volume is associated with periodontitis: a cross-sectional study

“…They contain and release inflammatory mediators that can exacerbate the inflammatory process [ 42 ]. Activated platelets can alter the chemotactic and adhesive functions of endothelial cells, leading to inflammation and thrombosis in the vascular system and promoting a procoagulant state of periodontitis [ 43 ]. In addition, activated platelets adhere to neutrophils via P-selectin to form complexes that work together to counteract inflammation [ 44 ].…”

The effect of complex treatment on some hematological and hemostasiological indicators during the treatment of generalized periodontitis in patients with different blood group affiliation

“…Evaluation of the plasma part of the blood wrapping system was performed using an automatic analyzer STA-Compact, the company "Roche" (France), using reagents and control plasmas of two levels of the company "Roche" (France). Determination of fibrinogen was performed according to the Klaus test (Mutthineni et al 2021). Thrombin is added to 10 times diluted with Veronal buffer citrate plasma and the time to fibrin clot formation is measured.…”