Platelet-Rich Plasma in Tendon Models: A Systematic Review of Basic Science Literature

ABSTRACT.-Souza M.V., Pinto J.O., Costa M.M., Santos E.C., Garcia S.L.R. & Oliveira L.L. 2014.[Quantification of growth factors in horse skin treated with platelet-rich plasma.] Quantificação de fatores de crescimento na pele de equinos tratada com plasma rico em plaquetas. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34(6):599-612. Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário s/n, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil. E-mail: msouza@ufv.br Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a product derived from total blood centrifugation, rich in bioactive factors, such as growth factors. Despite largely used in healing processes, there is a controversy whether the therapy is effective in promoting skin healing. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the concentrations of the factors TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB in PRP, blood plasma and skin, at different phases of the healing process of skin treated or not with PRP. Seven healthy crossbred 16 to 17-year-old geldings (16.14±0.63) were used. Three quadrangular-shaped lesions (6.25cm 2 ) were surgically induced into the right and left gluteal regions of all animals. Twelve hours after induction of the wounds, 0.5mL of the PRP was administered in each of the four edges of the wound in one of the gluteal regions (Treated group = TG) randomly chosen. The contralateral region was used as control (CG). The wounds were submitted to daily cleaning with Milli-Q water, and samples were obtained with a 6mm diameter biopsy Punch. Six skin biopsies were obtained, the first carried out immediately after the production of the wound (T0), and the others 1 (T1), 2 (T2), 7 (T3), and 14 (T4) days after the lesion was induced. The sixth biopsy (T5) was obtained after complete healing of the skin, which occurred at about day 37 (36.85±7.45, CG; 38.85±6.46, TG). EDTA blood samples were also obtained, at all the times mentioned. Quantification of TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB growth factors on the skin, PRP, and blood plasma was carried out by the ELISA technique. Data were statistically analyzed by the t test, Pearson correlation and regression, at a significance level of 5%. No difference was found between the groups in the values of the two growth factors measured on the skin, at the different times. Also, no correlation was found between the amount of growth factors present in the skin and plasma. On the other hand, a positive correlation was observed between PRP and skin in the treated group, for the growth factors TGF-β1 (r=0.31) and PDGF-BB (r=0.38), as well as between both growth factors present in PRP (r=0.81). Considering the growth factor concentrations at T0, the highest skin values (p<0.05) of TGF-β1, in both groups, occurred at T3 and T5. Higher values (p<0.05) of PDGF-BB occurred at T4 (TG) and T5 (CG). No plasma changes occurred at the concentration of these factors in relation to T0, suggest-1 Recebido em 5 de outubro de 2013.Aceito para publicação em 5 de junho de 2014.

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“…Portanto, corroborando o mencionado por Baksh et al (2013), os benefícios do uso de PRP no contexto clínico ainda permanecem obscuros.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Quantificação de fatores de crescimento na pele de equinos tratada com plasma rico em plaquetas

et al. 2014

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“…This uncertain aspect about the suitable effect on skin healing process has been previously mentioned by Baksh et al (2013), Brossi et al (2015), Witte et al (2016), and Bennell;Hunter;Paterson (2017), in horse or human beings. Perhaps, different results could be found if other histomorphometric evaluations are performed after wound macroscopic healing because according to Bosch et al (2011), the effect of PRP is long-term.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Macroscopic and histomorphometric evaluation of different healing stages of skin wounds in horses treated with leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma

Souza

Pinto

Varaschin

et al. 2017

AVB

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“…This suggests that PRP products have a positive effect on the cells' mitogenic activity. Also, improvement in collagen production and optimization of the important collagen I/III ratio have been observed 29,31,33 . However, these positive effects and their consequences for "real life" tissue healing have yet to be identified in clinical studies 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore the results of such studies build the basis for understanding the variable results of clinical studies on the use of PRPs. However, all of the results of such in vitro models have to be evaluated with caution, since the final clinical effects are not proven [1][2][3]33 . We have learned from these controlled laboratory studies that PRP products can vary greatly, even in such basic aspects as their platelet concentration or the content of white blood cells 12,13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent review performed by Baksh et al 33 identified nine studies overall showing an increase in this collagen ratio and two explicit studies, which reported an improved collagen I/III ratio compared to the controls. More recently, Perut et al 15 investigated the efficacy of different components of platelet concentrates on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs).…”

Section: Effects Of Different Prps On Musculoskeletal Target Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mesenchymal stem cell response to growth factor treatment and low oxygen tension in 3-dimensional construct environment

Durant

Dyment

McCarthy

et al. 2014

MLTJ

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SummaryStudies using in vitro cell models enable evaluation of the effects of different PRP products under very controlled and standardized conditions. Therefore the results of such studies build the basis for understanding the variable results of clinical studies on the use of PRPs. The main lessons learned through the use of in vitro cell models are that many different PRP products exist and researchers have to report on component variation within each product. These different products may have distinctive effects on the various cells treated in musculoskeletal injuries; therefore, some products might be more beneficial in certain indication than others. In its utilization in cell models, PRP may generate a variety of positive effects on cell proliferation, recovery, and inflammatory response. There might also be a benefit to adding PRP to current pharmacological therapies (e.g. corticosteroids) to prevent their commonly known negative effects on e.g. tendon and cartilage tissue.

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Platelet-Rich Plasma in Tendon Models: A Systematic Review of Basic Science Literature

Cited by 123 publications

References 56 publications

Quantificação de fatores de crescimento na pele de equinos tratada com plasma rico em plaquetas

Quantificação de fatores de crescimento na pele de equinos tratada com plasma rico em plaquetas

Macroscopic and histomorphometric evaluation of different healing stages of skin wounds in horses treated with leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma

Mesenchymal stem cell response to growth factor treatment and low oxygen tension in 3-dimensional construct environment

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