Platelet‐Rich Plasma Obtained with Different Anticoagulants and Their Effect on Platelet Numbers and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Behavior In Vitro

Abstract

There are promising results in the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for musculoskeletal tissue repair. However, the variability in the methodology for its obtaining may cause different and opposing findings in the literature. Particularly, the choice of the anticoagulant is the first definition to be made. In this work, blood was collected with sodium citrate (SC), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), or anticoagulant citrate dextrose (ACD) solution A, as anticoagulants, prior to PRP obtaining. Hematological analysis and growth factors release quantification were performed, and the effects on mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) culture, such as cytotoxicity and cell proliferation (evaluated by MTT method) and gene expression, were evaluated. The use of EDTA resulted in higher platelet yield in whole blood; however, it induced an increase in the mean platelet volume (MPV) following the blood centrifugation steps for PRP obtaining. The use of SC and ACD resulted in higher induction of MSC proliferation. On the other hand, PRP obtained in SC presented the higher platelet recovery after the blood first centrifugation step and a minimal change in MSC gene expression. Therefore, we suggest the use of SC as the anticoagulant for PRP obtaining.

The use of platelet‐rich plasma in treatment of olfactory dysfunction: A pilot study

“…It is worth noting that our PRP protocol utilized a low concentration of SC as an anticoagulant for the purification of PRP. Compared to other anticoagulants, SC has been found to have high platelet recovery and mesenchymal stromal cell proliferation which makes it an optimal anticoagulant . However, there are studies that have suggested SC can improve olfactory dysfunction in postinfectious loss .…”

Application of platelet-rich plasma with stem cells in bone and periodontal tissue engineering

“…Do Amaral et al . 122 found that there was no difference between the use of EDTA, ACD (acid citrate dextrose) and sodium citrate as an anticoagulant; however, EDTA yielded higher platelet quantity, PRP obtained by citrate solution resulted in higher induction of MSC proliferation and smallest variation in MSC gene expression and ACD caused an increase in platelet recovery. There are two widely used protocols in the preparation of PRP: one step and two step PRP preparation.…”

Review of concentration yields in commercially available platelet-rich plasma (PRP) systems: a call for PRP standardization

“…For instance, we did not compile information about activators and anticoagulants used because it was reported in less than half of the studies we analyzed. However, specific activator and anticoagulant use has been shown to affect both platelet count54 and growth factor release,55 thus it is important to report such values in future studies.…”