Platform technologies for regenerative endodontics from multifunctional biomaterials to tooth-on-a-chip strategies

Soares, Diana Gabriela; Bordini, Ester Alves Ferreira; Swanson, W. Benton; Costa, Carlos Alberto de Souza; Bottino, Marco C.

doi:10.1007/s00784-021-04013-4

Cited by 31 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…However, even with the loss of mass, the scaffolds of all groups remained viable for cell interaction throughout the 21 days of analysis in vitro, which was enough time to allow for cell differentiation and deposition of the mineralized matrix by the HDPCs, as proven by the results of the biological analyses that will be discussed further. In our previous, in vivo study using CHCa in rat calvaria, the scaffold remained stable for mineralized tissue regeneration after the 30‐day period, as detected by histological sections 4 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…More recently, we also demonstrated that CHCa had a chemotactic potential with dental pulp cells, using an artificial pulp chamber model in vitro, in which we were able to demonstrate that cells migrated from a 3D culture in intimate contact with cell‐free CHCa, infiltrating its porous network and expressing odontogenic‐related proteins. This porous material also improved new bone deposition toward the centers of critical‐sized defects in rat calvaria in vivo, demonstrating its potential as an inductive cell‐homing platform for mineralized tissue regeneration, such as bone and dentin 4 . These homing effects were related to Ca 2+ released by biomaterials, resulting in an influx of Ca 2+ in the intracellular environment through the activation of Ca 2+ channels, which would increase the expression of genes related to odontogenic differentiation 55–57 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Dentin tissue‐engineering proposes the development of materials with the ability to induce dentin repair/regeneration through the activation of the tertiary dentinogenesis process from resident pulpal and periapical stem cells, in a cell‐homing pathway 3,4 . Scaffolds play a crucial role in this process, since they serve as a framework for tissue neo‐genesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to chemical composition, the three‐dimensional (3D) architecture of scaffolds is critical to the regenerative process. Thus, scaffolds with a high degree of porosity and structure with interconnected pores are essential for favoring regeneration 4,12,13 . Chitosan solutions can be easily processed into porous scaffolds by phase separation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcium hydroxide was incorporated into chitosan solution, acting as a CO 2 source upon carbonation and reaction with acetic acid, increasing pore diameter and total porosity during the gradual freezing procedure 15 . The macro‐porous structure obtained after freeze‐drying allowed cells from surrounding in vitro 3D‐matrices and in vivo tissues to easily infiltrate and spread inside and throughout the scaffold structure, denoting its potential as an inductive cell‐homing platform 4 . Furthermore, calcium was complexed to chitosan, creating the chitosan‐calcium (CHCa) scaffold, which also acted as a calcium‐release system capable of increasing the odontogenic potential of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) by increasing the deposition of mineralized tissue 15,16 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineral‐induced bubbling effect and biomineralization as strategies to create highly porous and bioactive scaffolds for dentin tissue engineering

Melo¹,

Cassiano²,

Bronze‐Uhle³

et al. 2022

J Biomed Mater Res

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The objective of the study was to assess the biological and mechanical characteristics of chitosan‐based scaffolds enriched by mineral phases and biomineralized in simulated body fluid (SBF) as a possible biomaterial for dentin regeneration. Thus, porous chitosan scaffolds were prepared by the mineral‐induced bubbling‐effect technique and subjected to biomineralization to create biomimetic scaffolds for dentin tissue engineering. Suspensions containing calcium hydroxide, nanohydroxyapatite, or β‐tricalcium phosphate were added to the chitosan (CH) solution and subjected to gradual freezing and freeze‐drying to obtain CHCa, CHnHA, and CHβTCP porous scaffolds, respectively, by the bubbling effect. Then, scaffolds were incubated in SBF for 5 days at 37°C, under constant stirring, to promote calcium‐phosphate (CaP) biomineralization. Scanning electron microscopy revealed increased pore size and porosity degree on mineral‐containing scaffolds, with CHCa and CHnHA presenting as round, well‐distributed, and with an interconnected pore network. Nevertheless, incubation in SBF disrupted the porous architecture, except for CHCaSBF, leading to the deposition of CaP coverage, confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analyses. All mineral‐containing and SBF‐treated formulations presented controlled degradation profiles and released calcium throughout 28 days. When human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) were seeded onto scaffold structures, the porous and interconnected architecture of CHCa, CHnHA, and CHCaSBF allowed cells to infiltrate and spread throughout the scaffold structure, whereas in other formulations cells were dispersed or agglomerated. It was possible to determine a positive effect on cell proliferation and odontogenic differentiation for mineral‐containing formulations, intensely improved by biomineralization. A significant increase in mineralized matrix deposition (by 8.4 to 18.9 times) was observed for CHCaSBF, CHnHASBF, and CHβTCPSBF in comparison with plain CH. The bioactive effect on odontoblastic marker expression (ALP activity and mineralized matrix) was also observed for HDPCs continuously cultivated with conditioned medium obtained from scaffolds. Therefore, biomineralization of chitosan scaffolds containing different mineral phases was responsible for increasing the capacity for mineralized matrix deposition by pulpal cells, with potential for use in dentin tissue engineering.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%