The
electrochemical reduction of CO2 in the gas phase
has been carried out in a solid polymer electrolyte type cell (25
cm2 geometric area) in continuous operation mode using
carbon nanotube-supported platinum catalysts (Pt/CNT). The main novelty
of this work relies on the use of supercritical media (supercritical
CO2) for Pt deposition on CNT. Supercritical synthesis
has allowed obtaining small Pt nanoparticles divided into two modal
distributions (for 3–4 nm and 8–9 nm, respectively)
with a high deposition efficiency (about 80%). The main reaction products
of the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 have been formic
acid (59–89%), methane (2–33%), CO (3–11%), methanol
(0–1.9%), and small amounts of acetone, isopropanol, and methyl
acetate. The CO2 conversion rate multiplies almost by four
when increasing current density, although selectivity barely changes.
Lower temperature promotes further reduction of CO2 to
methane (33% of selectivity) to the detriment of formic acid and CO.
However, increases of temperature favor mainly formic acid production
(up to 89%) as well as methanol formation (1.9%) at the expense of
methane. In addition, low CO2 flow rate favors production
of methane and methanol (in a lesser extent) to the detriment of CO
and formic acid. The maximum CO2 conversion rate attained
has been 2.8 × 10–2 mmol h–1 for the highest current density studied. Attending to the selectivity,
a low CO2 flow rate favored the production of fuels such
as methane (5.2 × 10–3 mmol h–1) and methanol (3.6 × 10–4 mmol h–1). These results indicate that the supercritical synthesis of the
Pt/CNT electrocatalyst improves the results reported in the literature
up to now.