Plausible Biomedical Consequences of Acupuncture Applied at Sites Characteristic of Acupoints in the Connective-Tissue-Interstitial-Fluid System

Fung, P. C. W.

doi:10.5772/53901

Cited by 4 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Such an architectural system is one important basis for allowing physical and biochemical signals to be transmitted inter-and intra-cellularly to certain parts of the body. Mechanical signal, as one type of physical signal, is inferred to be transmitted through mechanotransduction to various parts of the body based on the hierarchy nature of the body [1] [2] [3].…”

Section: Mechanotransduction Through Organisms On Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the embryonic water is a natural fluid to develop into a fluid for the transportation of both soluble and insoluble (via vehicles such as chylomicrons) [3]. The connective tissues include 28 types of (a) fibrous (including collagen fibers, Figure 1.…”

Section: The Basic Components Of the Largest Organ Of The Human Body-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7) The IF, carrying debris and fragments of damaged cells in the CTIF system, joins the subclavian vein vessels. These vessels have branches flowing through the renal system; wastes are then discharged by urination [3] [11].…”

Section: Functions Of the Circulation Of Fluids In The Largest Organ mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in the second column, [α 1 (I)]• 2 α 2 (I)] means that a type I collagen triple helix can be composed of two α 1 chains and one α 2 chain of collagen I; the second isoform is simply built of three α 1 chains of collagen I. The super-script 3 of [α 1 (I)] 3 means that there are three α 1 (I) chains in a type I tropocollagen molecule. The subscript 1 means that the chain is of class α 1 (rather than the α 2 chain).…”

Section: Types Of Collagen Molecules Fibrous and Non-fibrousmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Types of collagen [25]. Type [α 1 (V)] 3 fibrous co-distributes with type I in smaller amount VI α 1 (VI).α 2 (VI).α 3 (VI) with beaded-filament structure around muscles, in "cross-structure between fibrils"…”

Section: Types Of Collagen Molecules Fibrous and Non-fibrousmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manifestation of Pathological States of Numerous Diseases in the Largest Organ of the Human Body: (I) Basics and the Diseases of Tendon

Fung¹,

Kong²

2019

IJCM

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We analyze the crucial biochemical and biophysical properties of the basic constituents-connective tissues (CT), and interstitial fluid (IF) constituting the non-cellular part of the fascia. We provide ample evidence that the resident cells and cells in transit in the fascia are continuously interacting with the non-cellular constituents to form an active organ with well-defined functions. We show evidence that pathological states of diseases of internal organs, as well as that of the constituents of the fascia itself, manifest in certain CTIF domains of the fascia. Numerous diseases originate from imbalance of the digestion and synthesis of the native collagen triple helices. Review on the scanning electron microscopy examination of cross-section of tendons indicates that micro-fibrils of collagen I form regular geometrical structures, supporting the hypothesis that the collagen fibrils assemble like liquid crystals. Information on the age of Achilles tendons has been reported, based on dating of the 14 C atoms generated from the nuclear bomb tests in 1955-1963. The causes of spontaneous tendon rupture and tendinopathy are analyzed. Plausible clinical measures to treat tendinopathy are briefly discussed, including the application of synthetic mechano-growth factor, glyceryl trinitrate patch (to supply nitric oxide), platelet rich plasma, proteomic profile analysis and microRNA 29a therapy.

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Section: Mechanotransduction Through Organisms On Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Basic Components Of the Largest Organ Of The Human Body-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functions Of the Circulation Of Fluids In The Largest Organ mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Types Of Collagen Molecules Fibrous and Non-fibrousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Types Of Collagen Molecules Fibrous and Non-fibrousmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Manifestation of Pathological States of Numerous Diseases in the Largest Organ of the Human Body: (I) Basics and the Diseases of Tendon

Fung¹,

Kong²

2019

IJCM

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Relationship among the Meridians, Sinew Channels and Integrative Five Fluid Circulation System

冯¹

2018

TCM

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New Insights on Stimulating the Lung Meridian Based on Modern Neurophysiology

Fung¹,

Kong²

2018

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) caused 3.2 million deaths worldwide in 2015 [1]. Therapeutic treatments, including acupuncture & herbal medicine have been applied to handle this disease with certain efficacies in the domain of traditional Chinese Medicine. However, very few analyses on the mechanisms behind the efficacies can be found in literature. Without understanding the basic mechanisms behind any medical treatment is the bottle-neck to advancement of possibly effective therapy of any kind. Based on this argument, we start off a series of studies on the neurophysiological consequence of acupuncture/acupressure applied to the Lung Meridian. We explain how the sensory signals (by sympathetic nerves) follow the spinothalamic tracts to the thalamus and then to the primary sensory cortex. The neurons of these ascending tracts synapse the motor neurons which activate some of the different organs of the respiratory system-diaphragm, nose, larynx, scalene muscles, trachea, lungs, intercostal and supporting abdominal muscles. The sensory signals at the neo-cortex are then passed on to the motor neurons in the primary motor cortex. The activated neurons project mainly along two descending tracts: anterior and lateral corticospinal tracts. Neurons of these tracts project to activate again some of the respiratory organs, plus the motors neurons related to the digestive system, including the large intestine. On the other hand, an intrinsic, automatic breathing system in the brainstem sends rhythmic signals through the bulbospinal tract system, which contains a special type of neurons-the pre-sympathetic neurons. These neurons, via interneuron relay, synapse motor neurons which mobilize the organs of the respiratory organs to function. Since the "Lung Meridian induced" signals and the intrinsic signals are sent by different types of neurons, we propose that stimulating the Lung Meridian might activate/supplement the action of the intrinsic system during some pathological states. Though the initial suggestion

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Plausible Biomedical Consequences of Acupuncture Applied at Sites Characteristic of Acupoints in the Connective-Tissue-Interstitial-Fluid System

Cited by 4 publications

References 123 publications

Manifestation of Pathological States of Numerous Diseases in the Largest Organ of the Human Body: (I) Basics and the Diseases of Tendon

Manifestation of Pathological States of Numerous Diseases in the Largest Organ of the Human Body: (I) Basics and the Diseases of Tendon

Relationship among the Meridians, Sinew Channels and Integrative Five Fluid Circulation System

New Insights on Stimulating the Lung Meridian Based on Modern Neurophysiology

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