“Plug and play” single-photon sources

Xu, Xiulai; Toft, Ian; Phillips, R. T.; Mar, Jonathan D.; Hammura, Kiyotaka; Williams, D. A.

doi:10.1063/1.2437727

Cited by 53 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In our previous work, 15 we have demonstrated a plug and play single photon source integrated with an optical fiber system. In this system, a bundle of single mode optical fibers ͑around 600͒ are bound together at one end and polished.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Great stability of nearly ͑but not limited to͒ one month has been demonstrated. 15 However, the emission wavelength from InAs QD was around 920 nm. In this work, we realize a plug and play single photon source at telecommunication wavelengths using the same system.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…15 From a practical point of view, it is desirable to have a "plug and play" type, stable single photon source at telecommunication wavelengths, ideally with a high repetition rate.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It is difficult to run the correlation measurements in a cw mode, as reported previously using Si detectors 4,15 due to the very high dark count rate of the InGaAs APDs. In the experiment, a second order correlation function was obtained from the coincidences between two detectors as a function of time delay.…”

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“Plug and Play” single photons at 1.3μm approaching gigahertz operation

Brossard

Hammura

et al. 2008

Applied Physics Letters

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We report a "plug and play" single photon source, fully integrated with an optical fiber, emitting at 1.3 m. Micropillars were patterned on a single layer InAs quantum dot wafer to guarantee a single pillar per fiber core. The single exciton peak filtered with a tunable optical filter was fed to a Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometer, and the second order correlation function at zero delay was less than 0.5, indicating single photon emission. The measured decay dynamics under double-pulse excitation show that the single photon device can be operated at speeds greater than 0.5 GHz. © 2008 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.2960549͔Single photon sources are in demand for quantum key distribution 1,2 and linear optical quantum computation. 3 Recently, investigations on single photon emission from semiconductor quantum dots ͑QDs͒ have concentrated on electrical pumping, 4-7 high repetition rates, 8 telecommunication wavelengths, 9-13 high temperature operation 14 and emission stability.15 From a practical point of view, it is desirable to have a "plug and play" type, stable single photon source at telecommunication wavelengths, ideally with a high repetition rate.In our previous work, 15 we have demonstrated a plug and play single photon source integrated with an optical fiber system. In this system, a bundle of single mode optical fibers ͑around 600͒ are bound together at one end and polished. The polished end of the fiber bundle is directly mounted on top of a 5 ϫ 5 mm 2 wafer with a very low quantum dot density. All fibers in the other end are free and can be connected to a wavelength division multiplexing ͑WDM͒ device with two separate output fibers. One of these two fibers ͑input fiber͒ carries the excitation light and the other ͑output fiber͒ carries the emitted light. The exciton emission collected from a single QD via one of the fibers in the fiber bundle exhibits single photon emission. Great stability of nearly ͑but not limited to͒ one month has been demonstrated. 15 However, the emission wavelength from InAs QD was around 920 nm. In this work, we realize a plug and play single photon source at telecommunication wavelengths using the same system. The repetition rate of this type of photon source can be higher than 0.5 GHz, which is confirmed with two-pulse lifetime measurements.The InAs QD wafer with a 1.3 m wavelength emission is grown by molecular-beam expitaxy with an InGaAs capping layer. The QD layer is embedded in a 1-lambda cavity between one-period ͑top͒ and 15-period ͑bottom͒ GaAs/ Al 0.9 Ga 0.1 As distributed Bragg reflectors, in order to enhance the extraction efficiency. The collection efficiency of the fiber with a numerical aperture of 0.12 was 0.69%, calculated with the method described in Ref. 16. To achieve very low QD density ͑around 2 ϫ 10 8 dots/ cm 2 ͒, an ultralow growth rate was used for the sample growth.17 With this growth technique, single photon emission at 1.3 m was demonstrated using a confocal system with either InGaAs ͑Ref. 18͒ or superconducting single-photon d...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

“…15 From a practical point of view, it is desirable to have a "plug and play" type, stable single photon source at telecommunication wavelengths, ideally with a high repetition rate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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“Plug and Play” single photons at 1.3μm approaching gigahertz operation

Brossard

Hammura

et al. 2008

Applied Physics Letters

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“…When the energy of the pumping light is less than the energy of the wetting layer (i.e. quasi-resonant excitation), the singlephoton sources can be operated at a speed of 1 GHz.& 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Semiconductor quantum dot based single photon emission has been investigated intensively to implement quantum information processing [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Most investigations are concentrating on electrical pumping, high repetition rates, telecommunication wavelengths, high temperature operation and stability.…”

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Recombination dynamics of single quantum dots in a fiber system at telecommunication wavelengths

Brossard

Hammura

et al. 2009

Microelectronics Journal

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a b s t r a c tCoupling the emitted light from single quantum dots into an optic fiber has been demonstrated as a 'plug and play' single-photon source. In this work, lifetime dynamics measurements were performed with two time-delayed femtosecond optical pulses at different wavelengths. When the energy of the pumping light is less than the energy of the wetting layer (i.e. quasi-resonant excitation), the singlephoton sources can be operated at a speed of 1 GHz.& 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Semiconductor quantum dot based single photon emission has been investigated intensively to implement quantum information processing [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Most investigations are concentrating on electrical pumping, high repetition rates, telecommunication wavelengths, high temperature operation and stability. We realized a 'plug and play' single photon sources fully integrated with optical fibers [2]. Great stability of nearly (but not limited to) one month has been demonstrated. Recently, the emission wavelength has been extended to telecommunication wavelengths using same system [9]. The details about the fiber-based system are described in Refs. [2,9]. To improve the repetition rates of the single photons for fast quantum key distribution system, photonic crystal and nano pillar cavities with distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structure have been used to enhance emission rate, i.e. reducing lifetime of exciton recombination [4,10]. To count the single photons at telecommunication wavelengths, InGaAs single photon detectors are normally used. Because of the large dark counts of InGaAs detectors, the detectors are operated in Geiger mode and gated at 5 MHz with a pulse width of 40 ns. With this detector, it is difficult to verify how fast the single photon sources can be operated. To examine the pulse rate of our single-photon gun at 1:3 mm, time resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements were performed with two separated optical pulses at different wavelengths.The InAs QD wafer with a 1:3 mm wavelength emission is grown by molecular-beam epitaxy with an InGaAs capping layer. The QD layer is embedded in a 1-lambda cavity between 1-period (top) and 15-period (bottom) GaAs=Al 0:9 Ga 0:1 As DBRs, in order to enhance the extraction efficiency. To achieve very low quantum dot density (around 2 Â

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Ultrafast All‐Optical Switching

Chai

Wang

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

238

146

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Ultrafast all-optical switching, possessing the unique function of light controlling light, is an essential component of on-chip ultrafast optical connection networks as well as integrated logic computing chips. Ultrafast all-optical switching has attracted enormous research interests, the latest great developments of which have also yield progress in nanophotonics, integrated optics, nonlinear optics, material science, and optical communications, and so on. This review summarizes the fundamental realization principles, novel configurations, fancy materials, improved performance indexes, and ameliorated trigger method (transitioning from a traditional impractical free-spacevertical trigger to a more practical on-chip trigger) of ultrafast all-optical switching. Not only a systematic discussion of the current state-of-the art is provided, but also a brief outlook on the remaining challenges in the pursuit of the application of a practical on-chip ultrafast all-optical switching is also afforded.www.advopticalmat. de

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“Plug and play” single-photon sources

Cited by 53 publications

References 26 publications

“Plug and Play” single photons at 1.3μm approaching gigahertz operation

“Plug and Play” single photons at 1.3μm approaching gigahertz operation

Recombination dynamics of single quantum dots in a fiber system at telecommunication wavelengths

Ultrafast All‐Optical Switching

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