Plug-In Electric Bus Depot Charging with PV and ESS and Their Impact on LV Feeder

Arif, Syed Muhammad; Lie, Tek Tjing; Seet, Boon Chong; Ahsan, Syed Muhammad; Khan, Hassan Abbas

doi:10.3390/en13092139

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It is usually installed at the end of the lines and used for night-time charging. Thus, slow charging is the most favorable option because of the low charging impact on the distribution grid [46,47]. However, for higher battery capacity with quick charging requirement applications, the Pantograph charging technique is suitable.…”

Section: Conductive Charging (Cc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Electric Vehicle Technologies, Charging Methods, Standards and Optimization Techniques

et al. 2021

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This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of electric vehicle technology, charging methods, standards, and optimization techniques. The essential characteristics of Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) are first discussed. Recent research on EV charging methods such as Battery Swap Station (BSS), Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), and Conductive Charging (CC) are then presented. This is followed by a discussion of EV standards such as charging levels and their configurations. Next, some of the most used optimization techniques for the sizing and placement of EV charging stations are analyzed. Finally, based on the insights gained, several recommendations are put forward for future research.

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Section: Conductive Charging (Cc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposed PEB charge scheduling algorithms [46] can be applied to the charging scheduling of private EVs and Electric Ferries where the arrival and departure schedules are known. The battery capacity optimization for a given route can also be evaluated to minimize the vehicle cost.…”

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confidence: 99%

Review of Electric Vehicle Technologies, Charging Methods, Standards and Optimization Techniques

et al. 2021

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“…Wang et al [81] proposed a pricing-aware real-time charging scheduling system and managed to reduce the charging cost by 24% and the electricity usage by 13%. Arif et al [82] integrated an energy storage system (ESS) and a PV system in a bus depot to reduce charging cost and the peak load on the grid, while Raab et al [83] developed a charging strategy for a BEB depot integrated in the energy management of a virtual power plant operator. Minimization of the battery ageing was studied by Houbbadi et al [84] They found that with an optimal charging strategy, the battery capacity fade could be reduced to only 10% instead of 31% in an uncontrolled charging manner.…”

Section: Charging Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Integration of Electric Buses in Cities: A Technological Review

et al. 2021

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This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art related to the implementation of battery electric buses (BEBs) in cities. In recent years, bus operators have started focusing on the electrification of their fleet to reduce the air pollutants in cities, which has led to a growing interest from the scientific community. This paper presents an analysis of the BEB powertrain topology and the charging technology of BEBs, with a particular emphasis on the power electronics systems. Moreover, the different key technical requirements to facilitate the operation of BEBs are addressed. Accordingly, an in-depth review on vehicle scheduling, charger location optimization and charging management strategies is carried out. The main findings concerning these research fields are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, potential challenges and required further developments are determined. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that an accurate energy consumption assessment of their BEBs is a must for bus operators, that real-time, multi-objective smart charging management strategies with V2X features should be included when performing large bus fleet scheduling and that synchronized opportunity charging, smart green depot charging, and electric bus rapid transit can further reduce the impact on the grid. This review paper should help to enable a smarter and more efficient integration of BEBs in cities in the future.

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“…Such effects can be better noted in distribution grids, particularly, in the weak ones, as in the rural grids for instance. Another possibility of using this system is for microgrids, supplying off-grid loads, or even for charging plug-in electric vehicles (EV) [43].…”

Section: Hybrid Pv-ess Systems For Improving Power Quality and Grid R...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Power Electronics Technologies for Power Quality Improvement

et al. 2021

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Nowadays, new challenges arise relating to the compensation of power quality problems, where the introduction of innovative solutions based on power electronics is of paramount importance. The evolution from conventional electrical power grids to smart grids requires the use of a large number of power electronics converters, indispensable for the integration of key technologies, such as renewable energies, electric mobility and energy storage systems, which adds importance to power quality issues. Addressing these topics, this paper presents an extensive review on power electronics technologies applied to power quality improvement, highlighting, and explaining the main phenomena associated with the occurrence of power quality problems in smart grids, their cause and effects for different activity sectors, and the main power electronics topologies for each technological solution. More specifically, the paper presents a review and classification of the main power quality problems and the respective context with the standards, a review of power quality problems related to the power production from renewables, the contextualization with solid-state transformers, electric mobility and electrical railway systems, a review of power electronics solutions to compensate the main power quality problems, as well as power electronics solutions to guarantee high levels of power quality. Relevant experimental results and exemplificative developed power electronics prototypes are also presented throughout the paper.

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Plug-In Electric Bus Depot Charging with PV and ESS and Their Impact on LV Feeder

Cited by 37 publications

References 29 publications

Review of Electric Vehicle Technologies, Charging Methods, Standards and Optimization Techniques

Review of Electric Vehicle Technologies, Charging Methods, Standards and Optimization Techniques

Smart Integration of Electric Buses in Cities: A Technological Review

A Review on Power Electronics Technologies for Power Quality Improvement

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