PM2.5 and PM10 Airborne Concentrations Resulting from Fireworks During Festivities: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The burning of fireworks damages air quality by causing elevated concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in short periods of time. In this context, the research aimed to compare airborne concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 from fireworks with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline. The applied methodology involved the use of the PRISMA 2020 statement. The literature review was conducted on digital databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, Wiley, and Ebsco. Annual growth in scientific production was calculated using a digital tool (Calcuvio), and data analysis was performed using Microsoft Office Excel and VOSviewer. The annual growth in production (1999 to 2022) was 18.74%. The highest scientific production per year was concentrated in 2019 and 2020, with China being the leading country. The festivities where sound pressure levels were predominantly measured were during the Spring Festival and Diwali. The most frequently mentioned keywords were "fireworks" and "PM2.5". In conclusion, the percentage of studies that exceeded the NAAQS for PM2.5 and PM10 was 2% and 15%, respectively, while for the WHO guideline, it was only 1% for PM10.