PM2.5 particles and size-segregated ionic species measured during fall season in three urban sites in Korea

Size Distribution and Water Soluble Ions of Ambient Particulate Matter on Episode and Non-episode Days in Southern Taiwan

“…Partial H 2 SO 4 was neutralized by NH 3 to form (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 or NH 4 HSO 4 . In general, SO 4 2-is mainly in the fine particles, particularly particles < 1 μm (Zhuang et al, 1999;Park and Kim, 2004), which is similar to the size distribution of sulfate in this study. Daliao sampling station is not far from the coastal area in Kaohsiung, Taiwan.…”

Mass-Size Distributions of Particulate Sulfate, Nitrate, and Ammonium in a Particulate Matter Nonattainment Region in Southern Taiwan

“…A coated denuder was usually used to remove gaseous species before particle collection on the filter, and a nylon filter was used downstream of the particle collection filter to collect the nitric acid that evaporated from the particles collected on the filter. Park and Kim 16 reported that the impactor-based NO 3 Ϫ ion data was, on average, 12% lower than the data obtained for filter-based experiments and was likely the result of additional evaporation of NH 4 ϩ from the Teflon impaction media. Teinila et al 17 concluded that the small concentration of NO 3 Ϫ found on the nylon filters compared with the NO 3 Ϫ concentration on the Teflon filters gives additional evidence that NO 3 Ϫ evaporation has been minimal.…”

Investigation on a Haze Episode of Fine Particulate Matter using Semi-continuous Chemical Composition Data

“…최근 국내 에서 발생하는 연무현상은 국지적인 영향뿐만 아니 라, 중국의 빠른 산업화 진행과 석탄 사용량 증가 (Park et al, 2013a;Jung and Kim, 2011), 중국 또는 러시아의 대규모 산불 등에 의해서도 영향을 받고 있다 (Park et al, 2013a;Park et al, 2008). 대기에어로 졸 입자는 탄소성분, 이온성분, 원소성분 등으로 이루 어진 복잡한 혼합물로서 연무현상이 발생하면 1차적 인 구성물질인 원소탄소, 1차 유기탄소, 금속 및 미량 원소성분들의 농도도 증가하지만 (Park et al, 2013a;Park et al, 2005a;Park and Kim, 2004;Chen et al, 2003), 지역, 계절 등에 따라 차이는 있지만 PM 2.5 농 도의 50~60% 이상을 차지하는 2차 유기에어로졸, 황산염, 질산염 및 암모늄염의 농도가 급증하는 특징 을 보인다 (Park et al, 2013a;Park et al, 2005bPark et al, , 2006aWeber et al, 2003).…”

“…연무생성에 영향을 주는 다른 중요한 인자는 측정지점 주변의 기압배치이다 (Kim Oanh and Leelasakultum, 2011;Kim Oanh et al, 2005;Triantafyllou, 2001). (Park et al, 2006a;Chen et al, 2003), 겨 울철에는 주로 탄소성분과 질산염 입자의 증가에 기 인한다 (Park et al, 2013a;Park and Kim, 2004 (Solomon and Sioutas, 2008;Park et al, 2006aPark et al, , 2005aWeber et al, 2003 (Jung and Kim, 2011;Park et al, 2006b;Ryu et al, 2004Ryu et al, , 2007 (Heo et al, 2009;Park et al, 2008;Hwang and Hopke, 2007;Pongkiatkul and Kim Oanh, 2007 판단된다 (Park et al, 2005a). (Park et al, 2012(Park et al, , 2011Sahu et al, 2009) …”