PmCBFs synthetically affect PmDAM6 by alternative promoter binding and protein complexes towards the dormancy of bud for Prunus mume

Abstract

The survival in freezing temperature for woody plants is exclusively dependent on the perception of coldness and induction of dormancy. CBF/DREB1 transcriptional factors join cold-response conduits and the DAM genes, especially PmDAM6, are well-known regulators of dormancy. Despite the immense importance, little is documented on the association between CBF proteins and the complexity of the promoter region in PmDAM6 with the function of bud dormancy in P. mume. Therefore, this study was based on the cloning of PmDAM6 and six PmCBFs to evaluate their integral roles in the process of bud development. The consistency of expressions in either vegetative or reproductive buds provided a negative control from PmCBFs to PmDAM6 during the onset of dormancy. Besides, PmCBF5 could form heteromeric complexes with PmDAM1 and PmDAM6. PmCBF1, PmCBF3, and PmDAM4 recognized the promoter of PmDAM6 by the alternative binding sites. Therefore, the interactions of these genes formulated the base of an obvious model to respond to the coldness and engendered dormancy release. Findings of this study will further help the unveil the genetic control of bud dormancy and its augmentation in P. mume and may offer an explanation for the vernalization.

Elucidation of Molecular and Hormonal Background of Early Growth Cessation and Endodormancy Induction in Two Contrasting Populus Hybrid Cultivars

“…This nding is in accordance with our results, i.e. that the CBF expression was much more intense in leaves of the non-dormant cultivar, may indicate that their role in the development in dormancy is organ-speci c. Six PmCBFs in 7 different organs were determined in P. mume [33]. The induction levels were high in stems, moderate in ower buds, leaf buds, and leaves, poor in owers, fruits, and seeds.…”

“…In spite of the fact that they studied only a short-expression period (24 hours), they concluded, 'the perennial driven evolution of winter dormancy led to the development of speci c roles for abiotic stress response regulators, such as the CBFs, in annual and perennial tissues'. CBF expression was followed in leaf and leaf bud tissues in Prunus mume during one year by Zhao et al (2018) [33]. They also found a differential gene expression pattern for all six CBFs studied, with speci c induction kinetics.…”

“…It is becoming more evident that CBF genes are also involved in dormancy regulation, especially in the development of endodormancy [31][32][33][34]. Benedict et al (2006) studied the kinetics and tissue speci city of 4 CBFs identi ed from Populus balsamifera subsp.…”

“…Also in pear, yeast one-hybrid and transient assays showed that PpCBF2 enhanced PpDAM1 and PpDAM3 transcriptional activity during the induction of dormancy [38]. showed that P. mume CBFs can bind to the PmDAM6 promoter via alternative binding sites and activate its expression [33,34]. Japanese pear PpCBFs were able to induce the expression of PpDAM1-1 and PpMADS13-3 genes in transient reporter assays [55].…”

Distinctive Gene Expression Patterns Define Endodormancy to Ecodormancy Transition in Apricot and Peach

“…Overexpression of CBF in peach delayed bud break and induced LEA genes and other coldinduced genes (Wisniewski et al, 2015;Artlip et al, 2019). CBFs bind upstream of DAM genes and induce their expression at early time points (Niu et al, 2016;Zhao et al, 2018). While we did see upregulation of DAM genes 4 and 5 in apricot and DAM genes 3, 4, 5, and 6 in peach at early time points especially in late blooming genotypes, all DAM genes were relatively highly expressed at the beginning of the experiment, prior to chilling that would induce CBFs.…”