Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia with consolidation on x-ray in children under two years of age

Lucero, Marilla; Dulalia, Vernoni E; Parreno, Rhea; Lim‐Quianzon, Dolores; Nohynek, Hanna; Mäkelä, Helena; Williams, Gail

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004977

Cited by 56 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 407 publications

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“…Also, we confirmed that there was a good correlation between the antibody concentration and opsonic activity for VT of PCV7. These results are consistent with those of other previous reports (19,26,32,35,41). Thus, PCV7 elicits strong protective immunity against the seven VTs in the children in this study as determined by both assay methods, and our study confirms usefulness of ELISA in estimating the immune protection induced for VT with PCV7.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Immune Response in Infants to the Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine against Vaccine-Related Serotypes 6A and 19A

Lee

Nahm

Burton

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The currently available 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) elicits good immune response to and is effective against vaccine serotypes. However, its effectiveness against vaccine-related serotypes is variable. Serum samples were obtained 1 month after the last vaccination from 31 infants immunized with PCV7 at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. The sera were used to determine immunoglobulin G antibody levels to eight serotypes (seven vaccine serotypes and serotype 19A) with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and opsonic capacity against 11 serotypes (seven vaccine serotypes, serotypes 19A and 6A, and nonvaccine serotypes 5 and 7F) using a multiplexed opsonization assay. ELISA results showed antibody concentrations varied between 1.84 and 10.49 g/ml, and all subjects had antibody concentrations of >0.35 g/ml for all serotypes, including serotype 19A. In contrast, the opsonic index was detectable (i.e., opsonic index > 8) in all children for the seven vaccine serotypes, 81% for serotype 6A, and merely 19% for serotype 19A. PCV7 shows good immunogenicity for vaccine serotypes in infants after a primary series. PCV7 does not elicit opsonic antibodies to serotype 19A. ELISA may thus be an inadequate surrogate assay for evaluating the response for crossreactive serotypes in infants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Immune Response in Infants to the Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine against Vaccine-Related Serotypes 6A and 19A

Lee

Nahm

Burton

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…It has been demonstrated that the 7vPCV offers more than 90% efficacy for the prevention of IPD caused by serotypes that are included in it, and also for the prevention of pneumonia diagnosed by X ray, in children less than 2 years old, 14 following a clear decline in the incidence of IPD in the United…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doença pneumocócica invasiva em crianças e adolescentes soropositivos para HIV

Mattei¹,

Falleiros-Carvalho²,

Cavalcante³

2008

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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Objective: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) primarily affects children less than 5 years old, the elderly and certain at-risk groups; especially people infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The objective of this study was to analyze invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) in children and adolescents infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with relation to morbidity, the case fatality ratio, pneumococcus serotypes, susceptibility to penicillin and ceftriaxone and to the proportion of susceptible and resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) included in the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine that has already been licensed. Methods:A total of 19 cases of IPD were identified among HIV seropositive patients aged from 1 month to 20 years and hospitalized between 1993 and 2000. Data were recorded on standardized charts containing information on age, clinical diagnosis and progression, serotypes and the susceptibility to penicillin and ceftriaxone of the Sp strains identified in cultures. When the minimum inhibitory concentration was < 0.1 mcg/mL, Sp were defined as susceptible to penicillin (SpSPn), and all other strains were defined as not susceptible (SpNSPn). Results:Of the 19 HIV seropositive cases with IPD, 16 (84%) had pneumonia and three (16%), had meningitis; 13 (68%) cases were children less than 2 years old and 16 (84%) were less than 5 years old. The case fatality ratio was 10%. Seven (54%) of the 13 cases less than 2 years old were SpNSPn and 10 (77%) were caused by serotypes covered by the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. From the 10 isolated serotypes the most frequent were 14, 6B and 23F, all them susceptible to ceftriaxone. From the three patients with meningitis, two were caused by SpNSPn. Conclusion:In this study most of the IPD occurred in children less than 2 years old; 77% of the strains and 86% of the serotypes of SpNSPn were covered by the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2008;84(3):276-280: Pneumococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, children, adolescents, HIV seropositive, meningitis, pneumonia, invasive pneumococcal disease, antipneumococcal vaccine.

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“…Pneumococcal disease in children is one of the most relevant infectious diseases in industrialised countries for three major reasons: (1) Streptococcus pneumoniae causes a large spectrum of diseases, some of them extremely common, such as pneumonia and acute otitis moedia [1][2][3][4]; (2) after the decline of the Haemophilus influence b (Hib) following the diffusion of the anti-Hib vaccine, it is the most common aetiological agent in infant meningitis [5][6][7][8]; (3) a safe, effective heptavalent conjugate vaccine is now available [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the vaccine is highly effective against meningitis and other invasive diseases [9], which are very severe but extremely rare events [5], but less effective against pneumonia and otitis, which are less severe but occur with extreme frequency [10]. The vaccine is very expensive compared to other routinely administered vaccines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-effectiveness of introducing the conjugated pneumococcal vaccine to routine free immunizations for infants in Lazio, Italy

Rossi¹,

Merito

Borgia³

2009

Health Policy

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Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia with consolidation on x-ray in children under two years of age

Cited by 56 publications

References 407 publications

Immune Response in Infants to the Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine against Vaccine-Related Serotypes 6A and 19A

Immune Response in Infants to the Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine against Vaccine-Related Serotypes 6A and 19A

Doença pneumocócica invasiva em crianças e adolescentes soropositivos para HIV

Cost-effectiveness of introducing the conjugated pneumococcal vaccine to routine free immunizations for infants in Lazio, Italy

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