Pneumococcal vaccination in developing countries

Levine, Orin S.; O'Brien, Katherine L.; Knoll, Maria Deloria; Adegbola, Richard A.; Black, Steven; Cherian, Thomas; Dagan, Ron; Grange, Adenike; Greenwood, Brian; Hennessy, Tom; Klugman, Keith P.; Madhi, Shabir А.; Mulholland, Kim; Nohynek, Hanna; Santosham, Mathuram; Saha, Samir K.; Scott, J. Anthony G.; Sow, Samba O.; Whitney, Cynthia G.; Cutts, Felicity

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68703-5

Cited by 157 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Further, our study suggests a substantial effect on one of the most common reasons for hospital admissions not only in Kielce but throughout Poland and in other countries [21,25,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…It can be that, in an open population, as in our study, the effect of a PCV7 immunization program is greater than that seen in clinical trials because herd immunity can have an important role in the reduction of disease in both vaccinated and N-number of living individuals; n-number of pneumonia cases Fig. 2 Incidence rate per 1,000 residents of Kielce in the various age groups analyzed unvaccinated people, through decreases in the nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine serotypes [20,21]. Decline in the rates of all-cause pneumonia admissions in Kielce, Poland, suggests that S. pneumoniae was a major contributor to the burden of pneumonia admissions in young children in this town [22,23], similar to in the USA, and provides an estimate of the burden of pneumococcal pneumonia admissions in young children due to PCV7 vaccine serotypes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Significant decline in pneumonia admission rate after the introduction of routine 2+1 dose schedule heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in children under 5 years of age in Kielce, Poland

Patrzałek¹,

Albrecht

Sobczyński

2010

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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International audienceThis study was performed to estimate the effect of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) on the pneumonia admission rate in children younger than 5 years of age, after the introduction of routine 2+1 dose schedule immunization. We compared the pneumonia admission rate (number of cases per 1,000 population) 2 years before and 2 years after the introduction of PCV7 in 2006. Only children with radiologically confirmed pneumonia were analyzed. The vaccination rate in the analyzed periods was around 99%. In the period preceding the implementation of PCV7, the average pneumonia admission rate was 41.48/1,000 and 6.15/1,000 for 1-year-old and 2-4-year-old children, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant fall in this rate in two consecutive years after PCV7 implementation ( < 0.0000001 for 1-year-old and = 0.011 for 2-4-year-old children, respectively). In the first year of vaccination, the admission number decreased in these two groups by about 65 and 23%, respectively. In the second year, only a few percent fall in the admission rate was noted. In children younger than 2 years of age, the age group targeted for vaccination, pneumonia-related healthcare utilization declined substantially following PCV7 introduction. These results suggest that PCV7 may play an important role in reducing the burden of pneumonia in Poland

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“…Further, our study suggests a substantial effect on one of the most common reasons for hospital admissions not only in Kielce but throughout Poland and in other countries [21,25,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Significant decline in pneumonia admission rate after the introduction of routine 2+1 dose schedule heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in children under 5 years of age in Kielce, Poland

Patrzałek¹,

Albrecht

Sobczyński

2010

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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“…Possivelmente, tal achado possa ser explicado em função dos demais fatores implicados, como introdução e disseminação de cepas resistentes na comunidade. Já nos Estados Unidos, dados da vigilância epidemiológica demonstraram uma queda significativa na freqüência de infecção por S. pneumoniae resistente associada ao uso em larga escala da vacina pneumocócica conjugada heptavalente 78 . Essas informações nos permitem supor que, a curto prazo, o principal fator de impacto na redução da resistência bacteriana é a diminuição da circulação da bactéria na comunidade.…”

Section: Resistência Antimicrobiana Dos Patógenos Respiratóriosunclassified

Outpatient antibiotic therapy as a predisposing factor for bacterial resistance: a rational approach to airway infections

Nascimento‐Carvalho¹

2006

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Objectives: To present evidence-based recommendations for the use of antibiotics for the treatment of the most common acute respiratory infections (ARI) and the available information on the importance of this type of management.Sources: MEDLINE and LILACS databases, technical publications by international organizations, national and international directives. The search terms acute respiratory infection, otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, antibiotic, guidelines and bacterial resistance were used. Articles cited by the articles selected were analyzed for information of interest.Summary of the findings: Bacterial resistance has grown, to the extent that today it is recognized as a global public health problem. ARI are the most common cause of antibiotic usage within the community; yet a large proportion of these cases, compromising the upper (otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis) or the lower airways (pneumonia), are the result of viral infections. Recommendations to rationalize the use of antibiotics in patients with ARI have the common objective of minimizing unnecessary antibiotic use, since antibiotic pressure is one of the factors triggering bacterial resistance.Conclusions: It is of great importance to differentiate among ARI patients those who will benefit from the use of antibiotics. The establishment of recommendations for the prescription of antibiotics is one strategy for minimizing the frequency of bacterial resistance.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2006;82(5 Suppl):S146-52: Antibiotics, bacterial resistance, otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia. ResumoObjetivos: Apresentar as recomendações baseadas em evidência para uso de antibióticos no tratamento das infecções respiratórias agudas (IRA) mais freqüentes e as informações disponíveis sobre a importância desse tipo de conduta.Fontes dos dados: Bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, publicações técnicas de organizações internacionais, diretrizes nacionais e internacionais. Foram utilizados os unitermos acute respiratory infection, otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, antibiotic, guidelines, bacterial resistance. Artigos citados pelos artigos incluídos foram analisados quanto à apresentação de informação de interesse. Síntese dos dados:A resistência bacteriana tem crescido, sendo atualmente reconhecida como problema mundial de saúde pública. As IRA são a causa mais freqüente para uso de antibiótico na comunidade; grande parte desses casos, tanto nas vias aéreas superiores (otite, sinusite, faringoamidalite) como nas inferiores (pneumonia), são decorrente de infecção viral. As recomendações para racionalizar o uso de antibióticos nos pacientes com IRA têm como objetivo comum minimizar o uso desnecessário de antibióticos, visto que a pressão antibióti-ca é um dos fatores desencadeantes da resistência bacteriana.Conclusões: É de grande importância a distinção, entre os pacientes com IRA, daqueles que podem se beneficiar do uso de antibióticos. O uso das recomendações para a prescrição de antibióticos é uma estratégia para minimizar a freqüência de resistên...

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“…To evaluate the health impact of a national immunization program with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, it is crucial to assess disease burden and serotype distribution before vaccine introduction [2]. Pneumonet (Pan Asia Epidemiologic Surveillance Network) is a 2-year hospital-based surveillance study that assessed the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in India, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital-based surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia in South Bangalore, India

et al. 2015

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Pneumococcal vaccination in developing countries

Cited by 157 publications

References 11 publications

Significant decline in pneumonia admission rate after the introduction of routine 2+1 dose schedule heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in children under 5 years of age in Kielce, Poland

Significant decline in pneumonia admission rate after the introduction of routine 2+1 dose schedule heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in children under 5 years of age in Kielce, Poland

Outpatient antibiotic therapy as a predisposing factor for bacterial resistance: a rational approach to airway infections

Hospital-based surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia in South Bangalore, India

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