POCUS: Liver and Gallbladder

Lisciandro, Stephanie C.; Gambino, Jennifer M.; Young, Sarah P.

doi:10.1002/9781119461005.ch8

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is also the organ considered to be the canine shock organ because of the high concentration of mast cells from the level of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. The cause of the oedema is the massive release of histamine in the portal circulation; this will result into hepatic venous constriction and congestion (Lisciandro G.R., 2021).…”

Section: Pericardial Effusion Hypoalbuminemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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When gallbladder oedema comes as a chronic disease – diagnosis and treatment

Andrei,

Vasile,

Constantin Vasile

2023

SPJVS

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Diagnosis of the gallbladder oedema is difficult during the clinical examination because the clinical signs are not specific for this disease. The causes of this pathology are multiple and can be divided into emergencies (such as anaphylactic shock, right-sided hearth failure, pericardial effusion) and chronic pathologies (such cholecystitis, pancreatitis or immune-mediated hemolytic anemia). Imagistics methods complete the information of the clinical exam and ultrasound is considered the golden standard for diagnosing this pathology. Normally, at the ultrasound exam, the gallbladder has a hyperechoic wall, with a diameter of 2-3 mm; while in case of gallbladder oedema, the wall is thick and has a triple stratification, with 2 hyperechoic rows, separated by a hypoechoic line. This pathognomonic description of the gallbladder oedema is also known as the ‘Halo Sign’ or ‘Double Rim Effect’. Making a correct differential for the appearance of the sign is vital for the outcome of the case. The main focus is to exclude every emergency cause in order to start treating the chronic pathologies. This paper presents the pathologies leading to gallbladder oedema, met at the Radiology and Emergencies Departments from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Iasi during the period march 2020 – may 2022. The clinical case presented was diagnosed and treated at the Center of Endoscopy and Minimally Invasive Surgery Bucharest.

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Section: Pericardial Effusion Hypoalbuminemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this cases, there is a mechanical obstruction of blood flow into the right atrium, that with lead towards a backflow at the level of the vena cava and distension at this level. This will finally result in hepatic venous congestion and wall oedema (Lisciandro G.R., 2021).…”

Section: Pericardial Effusion Hypoalbuminemiamentioning

confidence: 99%