Polarimetric imaging of biological tissues based on the indices of polarimetric purity

Eeckhout, Albert Van; Lizana, Ángel; Garcia-Caurel, Enric; Gil, José J.; Sansa, Adrià; Rodríguez, Carla; Estévez, Irene; González, Emilio J.; Escalera, Juan C.; Moreno, Ignacio; Campos, Juan

doi:10.1002/jbio.201700189

Cited by 42 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The general framework introduced provides invariant descriptors for n-dimensional density matrices that, in turn, have been proven to be fruitful for the study of three-dimensional states of polarization [4,6,7,13,23,24,27,28,30,[36][37][38][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] and of the polarimetric properties of material media [4,5,8,13,[23][24][25][32][33][34][35][49][50][51], which supports a well-founded expectation for its useful application to n-dimensional density matrices representing quantum or classical systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Sources of Asymmetry and the Concept of Nonregularity of n-Dimensional Density Matrices

Gil

2020

Symmetry

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The information contained in an n-dimensional (nD) density matrix ρ is parametrized and interpreted in terms of its asymmetry properties through the introduction of a family of components of purity that are invariant with respect to arbitrary rotations of the nD Cartesian reference frame and that are composed of two categories of meaningful parameters of different physical nature: the indices of population asymmetry and the intrinsic coherences. It is found that the components of purity coincide, up to respective simple coefficients, with the intrinsic Stokes parameters, which are also introduced in this work, and that determine two complementary sources of purity, namely the population asymmetry and the correlation asymmetry, whose weighted square average equals the overall degree of purity of ρ. A discriminating decomposition of ρ as a convex sum of three density matrices, viz. the pure, the fully random (maximally mixed) and the discriminating component, is introduced, which allows for the definition of the degree of nonregularity of ρ as the distance from ρ to a density matrix of a system composed of a pure component and a set of 2D, 3D,… and nD maximally mixed components. The chiral properties of a state ρ are analyzed and characterized from its intimate link to the degree of correlation asymmetry. The results presented constitute a generalization to nD systems of those established and exploited for polarization density matrices in a series of previous works.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Sources of Asymmetry and the Concept of Nonregularity of n-Dimensional Density Matrices

Gil

2020

Symmetry

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“…In the literature, imaging polarimeters tend to be optimized for monochromatic illumination. However, there are many applications where it is interesting to obtain the polarimetric information for a series of illumination wavelengths, such as in [3,24]. Therefore, we also consider the case of polychromatic illumination, where various discrete wavelengths are applied sequentially.…”

Section: Polychormatic Dofp Polarimetermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The state of polarization (SOP) provides great deal of information about light-matter interactions. There is a large interest in the use of polarimetric information in many applications including biomedical physics [1][2][3], astronomy [4,5], polarizing sample characterization [6][7][8], among others. Conventional optical imaging is typically restricted to the use of light field intensity information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Misalignment error analysis in polychromatic division of focal plane Stokes polarimeters

et al. 2019

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Snapshot imaging polarimeters are used in many different areas. Recently, division of focal plane (DoFP) polarimeters have proved useful as snapshot polarimeters for dynamic applications. For an optimal performance of polarimeters, different works dealing with the error analysis of such devices are proposed in literature. In terms of noise amplification from intensity measurements to the final polarization calculations, well-established quality metrics, as in the condition number or the equally weighted variance criteria, are used. Other studies analyze systematic errors due to deviations in the construction parameters. However, something not considered so far is the effect produced by misalignment between the various pixelated masks over the pixelated structure of the camera sensor, always occurring in experimental implementations of DoFPs. In this work, we study the effect of such misalignments in DoFP polarimeters and demonstrate how they lead to polarimetric systems composed of partially depolarized analyzers. We calculate the combined degree of polarization related to different amounts of misalignment and analyze the corresponding system performance. From this study, we show how an imaging polarimeter based on partially polarized analyzers can still lead to a robust and accurate polarimetric performance, and we also provide the misalignment limits in which an acceptable performance is obtained. We evaluate both the monochromatic and the polychromatic cases with special focus on the latter.

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“…On one hand, we study the Depolarization Index P Δ which was first proposed by J.J. Gil and E. Bernabeu [41], which constitutes a standard magnitude in the polarimetric community when dealing with depolarizers [31–34]. On the other hand, we focus on the so-called Indices of Polarimetric Purity (IPPs) [42, 43], which have been successfully used to enhance the image contrast of polarimetric images of animal tissues [44], unveiling physiologic structures which otherwise would have remained invisible. In fact, the interest in IPPs relies on the fact that each of them is sensitive to specific depolarization mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depolarizing metrics for plant samples imaging

et al. 2019

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Optical methods, as fluorescence microscopy or hyperspectral imaging, are commonly used for plants visualization and characterization. Another powerful collection of optical techniques is the so-called polarimetry, widely used to enhance image contrast in multiple applications. In the botanical applications framework, in spite of some works have already highlighted the depolarizing print that plant structures left on input polarized beams, the potential of polarimetric methods has not been properly exploited. In fact, among the few works dealing with polarization and plants, most of them study light scattered by plants using the Degree of Polarization (DoP) indicator. Other more powerful depolarization metrics are nowadays neglected. In this context, we highlight the potential of different depolarization metrics obtained using the Mueller matrix (MM) measurement: the Depolarization Index and the Indices of Polarimetric Purity. We perform a qualitative and quantitative comparison between DoP- and MM-based images by studying a particular plant, the Hedera maroccana. We show how Mueller-based metrics are generally more suitable in terms of contrast than DoP-based measurements. The potential of polarimetric measurements in the study of plants is highlighted in this work, suggesting they can be applied to the characterization of plants, plant taxonomy, water stress in plants, and other botanical studies.

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Polarimetric imaging of biological tissues based on the indices of polarimetric purity

Cited by 42 publications

References 46 publications

Sources of Asymmetry and the Concept of Nonregularity of n-Dimensional Density Matrices

Sources of Asymmetry and the Concept of Nonregularity of n-Dimensional Density Matrices

Misalignment error analysis in polychromatic division of focal plane Stokes polarimeters

Depolarizing metrics for plant samples imaging

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