Polarity and Patterning in the Neural Tube: The Origin and Function of the Floor Plate

Jessell, Thomas M.; Bovolenta, Paola; Placzek, Marysia; Tessier‐Lavigne, Marc; Dodd, Jane

doi:10.1002/9780470513798.ch15

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The FP runs along the most medial aspect of the ventral neural tube extending most caudally from the spinal cord, through the midbrain, up to the diencephalon with its anterior limit being just below the zona limitans intrathalamica (Jessell et al, 1989). Interestingly, at the most anterior aspect the FP stops where the anterior neurectoderm (AN) begins, and studies have shown that AN commitment renders cells incapable of responding to FP inductive signals (Placzek et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Efficient Derivation of Functional Floor Plate Tissue from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

et al. 2010

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The floor plate (FP) is a critical signaling center during neural development located along the ventral midline of the embryo. Little is known about human FP development due the lack of tissue accessibility. Here we report the efficient derivation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC−) derived FP tissue capable of secreting Netrin-1 and SHH and patterning primary and hESC derived tissues. FP induction in hESCs is dependent on early SHH exposure and occurs at the expense of anterior neurectoderm (AN). Global gene expression and functional studies identify SHH-mediated inhibition of DKK-1 as key factor in FP versus AN specification. hESC derived FP tissue is shown to be of anterior SIX6+ character but responsive to caudalizing factors suppressing SIX6 expression and inducing a shift in usage of region-specific SHH enhancers. These data define the early signals that drive human FP versus AN specification and determine regional identity in hESC derived FP.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Efficient Derivation of Functional Floor Plate Tissue from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

et al. 2010

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“…In mice, Lefty1, expressed in the prospective floor plate (PFP), inhibits Nodal function, thereby providing a midline barrier that prevents the diffusion of asymmetric Nodal signals to the right side of the embryo . Interestingly, in many respects, the ventral midline cells of Drosophila are similar to the floor plate cells of vertebrates, as both cell types are important sources of developmental signals (Dickson, 2002;Jessell et al, 1989;Klämbt et al, 1991;Ruiz i Altaba et al, 2003). Therefore, a downstream gene product of sim may function as a midline barrier in Drosophila LR development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In the mouse, Lefty1 is expressed predominantly on the left side of the prospective floor plate (Meno et al, 1997), and is proposed to act as, or to induce, the midline barrier that prevents side-specific factors from crossing the midline . Interestingly, it has been suggested that the Drosophila ventral midline cells resemble the cells of the vertebrate floor plate, which lies along the ventral midline of the spinal cord, since both tissues are important sources of developmental signals (Dickson, 2002;Jessell et al, 1989;Klämbt et al, 1991;Ruiz i Altaba et al, 2003). Thus, even though the onset of LR patterning is expected to be different between vertebrates and protostomes, the ventral midline structures of Drosophila might also be involved in LR asymmetric development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Roles of single-minded in the left–right asymmetric development of the Drosophila embryonic gut

Maeda

Hozumi

Taniguchi

et al. 2007

Mechanisms of Development

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Many animals have genetically determined left-right (LR) asymmetry of their internal organs. The midline structure of vertebrate embryos has important roles in LR asymmetric development both as the signaling center for LR asymmetry and as a barrier to inappropriate LR signaling across the midline. However, in invertebrates, the functions of the midline in LR asymmetric development are unknown. To elucidate these roles, we studied the involvement of single-minded (sim) in the LR asymmetry of the Drosophila embryonic gut, which develops in a stereotypic, asymmetric manner. sim encodes a bHLH/PAS transcription factor that is required for the development of the ventral midline structure. Here we report that sim was expressed in the midline of the foregut and hindgut primordia. The handedness of the embryonic gut was affected in sim mutant embryos and in embryos overexpressing sim. However, midline-derived events, which involve Slit/Robo and EGFr signaling and direct the development of the tissues adjacent to the midline, did not affect the laterality of this organ, suggesting a crucial role for the midline itself in LR asymmetry. In the sim mutants, the midline structures of the embryonic anal pad were deformed. The mis-expression of sim in the anal-pad primordium induced LR defects. We also found that different portions of the embryonic gut require sim functions at different times for normal LR asymmetry. Our results suggest that the midline structures are involved in the LR asymmetric development of the Drosophila embryonic gut.

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“…Relations among central cells having such different cell behaviour show that the factors playing a role in making the cell stay at the centre during migration have a role in the formation of secondary neurulation (28) . The fact that cells stop migrating or proliferating, but die to form a cavity for the canal or attach to the developing neural tube increases the importance of such factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other factor which is as important as cell behaviours such as migration, proliferation and differentiation (28) in the secondary neurulation of developing embryo is the behaviour of the cell. This behaviour of the cell to produce normal development depends on the ability of the cell to die at the right place, at the right time and in right number besides having an ability to die for orientation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Alcohol During Secondary Neurulation in Chick Embryos

Tuğlu¹,

Gürcü²,

Özbilgin³

et al. 2017

BUCH

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Objective: Alcohol continues to be consumed even though its harmful effecs are well established. One of the most common damage of alcohol consumption is fetal alcohol syndrome, characterized by craniofacial anomalies, cardiac anomalies and neural tube defects. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the alcohol-induced toxicity that occur with time and dose dependent manner is very important. , Most of the studies in order to understand the effects of alcohol have been carried out on early neurulation, however its effects on late neurulation are still unknown. Therefore in this study, effects of alcohol on secondary neurulation were investigated in chick embryos. Methods: Leghorn breed of embryonic chicken eggs were used. At 50 h of incubation, 100 μL 50% ethanol solution was injected. Depending on the period of exposure to alcohol, varying degrees of pathological disorders were detected in E3, E7 and E10 days. Results: Developmental delay, structural abnormalities, morphological abnormalities in the heart and face and especially presence of two spinal cord cavities were found. In addition, we also detected delays in the closure of the neural tube, cellular deformities and the structural abnormalities in notochord. While eNOS, iNOS, and TUNEL levels increased, while laminin levels decreased. Conclusion: In this study during late development, significant alcohol-induced morphological and histopathological changes were observed. We also determined Increased level of oxidative stress caused by alcohol was accompanied with the changes in matrix composition. Better understanding of these mechanisms which affect the cell behavior is important and will allow learning of harmful effects of alcohol.Keywords: Alcohol, neural tube defect, secondary neurulation ÖZ Amaç: Alkol, zararları iyi bilinmesine rağmen, tüketilmeye devam edilmektedir. Alkol tüketiminin en yaygın hasarlarından biri kraniofasial anomaliler, kardiyak anomaliler ve nöral tüp kusurlarıyla karakterize fetal alkol sendromudur. Bu nedenle, alkole bağlı toksisitenin altında yatan, zaman ve doza bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan moleküler mekanizmaları anlamak çok önemlidir. Alkolün etkilerini anlamak için, yapılan çalışmaların çoğu erken nörilasyon üzerine yapılmıştır. Ancak, geç nörilasyon üzerindeki etkileri halen bilinmemektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, civciv embriyolarında alkolün sekonder nörilasyon üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Yöntem: Leghorn cinsi embriyonik tavuk yumurtalarını kullanıldı. Kuluçka işleminin 50. saatinde, 100 uL %50 etanol çözeltisi enjekte edildi. Alkole maruz kalma süresine bağlı olarak, E3, E7 ve E10 günlerinde değişik derecelerde patolojik bozukluk belirlendi. Bulgular: Gelişim geriliği, yapısal anomaliler, kalp ve yüzdeki morfolojik anomaliler ve özellikle iki spinal kord boşluğunun varlığı saptandı. Buna ek olarak, nöral tüpün kapanmasında gecikmeler, hücresel deformasyonlar ve notokordun oluşumunda anomaliler belirlendi. ENOS, iNOS ve TUNEL düzeyleri artarken, laminin önemli ölçüde azaldığı görüldü....

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Polarity and Patterning in the Neural Tube: The Origin and Function of the Floor Plate

Cited by 24 publications

References 55 publications

RETRACTED: Efficient Derivation of Functional Floor Plate Tissue from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

RETRACTED: Efficient Derivation of Functional Floor Plate Tissue from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Roles of single-minded in the left–right asymmetric development of the Drosophila embryonic gut

Effects of Alcohol During Secondary Neurulation in Chick Embryos

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