Polarity dependent electrowetting for directional transport of water through patterned superhydrophobic laser induced graphene fibers

Deshmukh, Sujit; Banerjee, Debosmita; Quintero, Juan Sebastian Marin; Fishlock, Sam Jeffery; McLaughlin, James; Waghmare, Prashant R.; Roy, Susanta Sinha

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2021.06.033

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Meanwhile, the conductivity, electrochemical performance [24,27,35,36], biocompatibility [37,38], and hydrophobicity [39][40][41] of LIG also have been systematically studied. A variety of LIG devices have been developed, including sensors [14][15][16][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42], supercapacitors [17,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55], nanogenerators [54][55][56][57][58]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a variety of natural and synthetic materials, ranging from plants [ 22 , 23 , 24 ], textiles [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], papers [ 28 , 29 , 30 ] to other organic films [ 17 , 27 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], are experimentally demonstrated in serving as the carbon source to form LIG. Meanwhile, the conductivity, electrochemical performance [ 24 , 27 , 35 , 36 ], biocompatibility [ 37 , 38 ], and hydrophobicity [ 39 , 40 , 41 ] of LIG also have been systematically studied. A variety of LIG devices have been developed, including sensors [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ], supercapacitors [ 17 , 43 , 44 , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, the conductivity, electrochemical performance [ 24 , 27 , 35 , 36 ], biocompatibility [ 37 , 38 ], and hydrophobicity [ 39 , 40 , 41 ] of LIG also have been systematically studied. A variety of LIG devices have been developed, including sensors [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ], supercapacitors [ 17 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ], nanogenerators [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Laser-Induced Graphene Based Flexible Electronic Devices

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2022

Biosensors

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Since it was reported in 2014, laser-induced graphene (LIG) has received growing attention for its fast speed, non-mask, and low-cost customizable preparation, and has shown its potential in the fields of wearable electronics and biological sensors that require high flexibility and versatility. Laser-induced graphene has been successfully prepared on various substrates with contents from various carbon sources, e.g., from organic films, plants, textiles, and papers. This paper reviews the recent progress on the state-of-the-art preparations and applications of LIG including mechanical sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, electrochemical sensors, electrophysiological sensors, heaters, and actuators. The achievements of LIG based devices for detecting diverse bio-signal, serving as monitoring human motions, energy storage, and heaters are highlighted here, referring to the advantages of LIG in flexible designability, excellent electrical conductivity, and diverse choice of substrates. Finally, we provide some perspectives on the remaining challenges and opportunities of LIG.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser-Induced Graphene Based Flexible Electronic Devices

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2022

Biosensors

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“…The superhydrophobic LIG surface could be obtained by several reported approaches, including LIG fabrication under inert atmospheres, [ 17 ] LIG surface microstructure engineering, [ 19 ] LIG surface modification by a combined defocusing and grafting strategy, [ 20 ] and the electrowetting of LIG. [ 21 ] However, those studies did not report on the transition of superhydrophobic LIG surfaces from pinning to rolling. Moreover, complex processes or extra equipment were required for previous reports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser‐Induced Graphene Superhydrophobic Surface Transition from Pinning to Rolling for Multiple Applications

Han

Huang

et al. 2022

Small Methods

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very useful for many practical applications, such as self-cleaning, [16] water/oil separation, [17] and energy storage, [18] as well as a challenging project with respect to material aspects. To tune the surface wetting properties of LIG, the modification and introduction of functional groups and/or active substances to the surface or edges of graphene and surface microstructure engineering of graphene were employed. The superhydrophobic LIG surface could be obtained by several reported approaches, including LIG fabrication under inert atmospheres, [17] LIG surface microstructure engineering, [19] LIG surface modification by a combined defocusing and grafting strategy, [20] and the electrowetting of LIG. [21] However, those studies did not report on the transition of superhydrophobic LIG surfaces from pinning to rolling. Moreover, complex processes or extra equipment were required for previous reports.Here, we report that the transition of LIG superhydrophobic surface from pinning to rolling can be accomplished via an extremely simple solvent treatment method in air. By adding solvent (e.g., ethanol) to the LIG surface, the surface morphology and composition of LIG were modified, resulting in the transition from pinning to rolling. All the processes were performed in open air. Systematic analysis of the LIG material properties reveals that the reasons for the LIG surface transition from pinning to rolling are attributed to both the surface chemistry composition and surface morphology change. The applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analytes, water-oil separation and anti-icing were demonstrated on the developed pinning-free LIG superhydrophobic surface. Results and DiscussionAs shown in Figure 1, the LIG film was prepared by laser scanning. The fabrication of LIG is shown in Video S1 (Supporting Information). By adjusting the laser power and moving speed, we fabricated LIG surfaces with different contact angles (Figure S1a, Supporting Information). A foam-like 3D porous graphene structure was obtained (Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images in Figures S2-S6, Supporting Information), and micropores were produced by gas emission during the irradiation process. [12,22] In our experiments, we chose three laser powers (1, 2, and 3 W) and five speeds (60, 100, 107, 115, 120 mm s −1 ) to prepare different LIG samples, corresponding to different area energy dosages. With increasing laser power,The fabrication and applications of superhydrophobic surfaces (contact angle >150°, sliding angle <10°) have attracted worldwide interest with respect to materials and devices. In this work, the laser-induced graphene (LIG) superhydrophobic surface transition from pinning to rolling via an extremely simple solvent treatment of LIG in air is reported. By adding a certain solvent (e.g., ethanol) to the surface, the LIG superhydrophobic surface changes from pinning (sliding angle = 180°) to rolling (sliding angle <6°), which is attributed to the chemically changed surface properties and surface morphology of LI...

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“…It was shown that structured superhydrophobic surfaces exhibit a higher droplet movement speed [31] and higher cleaning efficiency than unstructured hydrophobic surfaces for different (bio-)particles with EWOD, demonstrating that it is advantageous to use these structured surfaces in DMF [32]. Various surface structures on the nanoscale [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], the microscale [42][43][44][45] and on both nanoscale and microscale [46,47] were examined in EWOD. These surfaces consisted of an insulating layer and a repellent low surface energy one.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Micro/Nanoporous Fluoropolymers with Reduced Bioadhesion in Digital Microfluidics

et al. 2022

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Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a versatile platform for conducting a variety of biological and chemical assays. The most commonly used set-up for the actuation of microliter droplets is electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD), where the liquid is moved by an electrostatic force on a dielectric layer. Superhydrophobic materials are promising materials for dielectric layers, especially since the minimum contact between droplet and surface is key for low adhesion of biomolecules, as it causes droplet pinning and cross contamination. However, superhydrophobic surfaces show limitations, such as full wetting transition between Cassie and Wenzel under applied voltage, expensive and complex fabrication and difficult integration into already existing devices. Here we present Fluoropor, a superhydrophobic fluorinated polymer foam with pores on the micro/nanoscale as a dielectric layer in DMF. Fluoropor shows stable wetting properties with no significant changes in the wetting behavior, or full wetting transition, until potentials of 400 V. Furthermore, Fluoropor shows low attachment of biomolecules to the surface upon droplet movement. Due to its simple fabrication process, its resistance to adhesion of biomolecules and the fact it is capable of being integrated and exchanged as thin films into commercial DMF devices, Fluoropor is a promising material for wide application in DMF.

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Polarity dependent electrowetting for directional transport of water through patterned superhydrophobic laser induced graphene fibers

Cited by 28 publications

References 57 publications

Laser-Induced Graphene Based Flexible Electronic Devices

Laser-Induced Graphene Based Flexible Electronic Devices

Laser‐Induced Graphene Superhydrophobic Surface Transition from Pinning to Rolling for Multiple Applications

Application of Micro/Nanoporous Fluoropolymers with Reduced Bioadhesion in Digital Microfluidics

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