Polarization Dependent Holographic Write, Read and Erasure of Surface Relief Gratings on Azopolymer Films

Tripathy, Sukant K.; Viswanathan, Nirmal K.; Balasubramanian, S.; Bian, Shaoping; Li, Lian; Kumar, Jayant

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4056-0_30

Cited by 9 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Next stage has been devoted to study of the input light polarization configuration on the grating formation process. The formation of SRG on azopolymer films is found to be strongly dependent on the mutual light polarization states [27,30,[38][39][40]. We apply three qualitatively different combinations of the writing beams polarizations to one chosen polymer, i.e., poly-4.…”

Section: Holographic Grating Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of equal writing beams intensities the light intensity modulation is produced along the grating vector direction (x axis). However, according to electric field gradient force model, there is no spatial variation in the direction of the light electric field vector and no component of the resultant electric field along the grating wavevector direction [30,38]. This configuration usually produces a very low diffraction efficiency and very small surface modulation for the SRG (\10 nm) [27,30,38].…”

Section: Holographic Grating Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, according to electric field gradient force model, there is no spatial variation in the direction of the light electric field vector and no component of the resultant electric field along the grating wavevector direction [30,38]. This configuration usually produces a very low diffraction efficiency and very small surface modulation for the SRG (\10 nm) [27,30,38]. The s-p polarization geometry results from mutually orthogonal linear polarizations (p stand for light electric field parallel to the incidence plane).…”

Section: Holographic Grating Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chromophore concentration effect on holographic grating formation efficiency in novel azobenzene‐functionalized polymers

Schab‐Balcerzak

Sobolewska

Miniewicz

et al. 2008

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Optically active photochromic poly(amideimide)s containing azobenzene side groups in the repeating unit were prepared. The polymers were designed and synthesized specifically for this work in order to evaluate chromophore concentration effect on holographic grating recording. The poly(amideimide)s with mono-and bis-azobenzene moieties were obtained via direct high temperature polycondensation and compared with respect to their ability of diffraction grating formation due to the light-induced optical anisotropy effects. Holographic gratings were fabricated in polymer films upon exposure to an interference pattern of two polarized Ar þ laser beams at 514.5 nm wavelength. Different geometries of laser beams polarization were applied. It should be emphasized that although the azobenzene moieties are rigidly connected to the polymers backbone, some of polymers exhibited the unusually high light diffraction efficiency of around 40%. The created surface relief gratings (SRGs) were successfully observed using the atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM images show regularly defined and aligned grating structures. It should be stressed that the SRGs with maximum of relief height up to 260 nm in polyimide derivatives with side azobenzene group were observed for the first time.

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Section: Holographic Grating Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Holographic Grating Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Holographic Grating Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chromophore concentration effect on holographic grating formation efficiency in novel azobenzene‐functionalized polymers

Schab‐Balcerzak

Sobolewska

Miniewicz

et al. 2008

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…Molecular reorientation, a consequence of the angular hole burning due to multiple trans-cis-trans photoisomerization cycles, leads to photoinduced birefringence and dichroism [7,12,13]. The reversible photoisomerization process can also lead to mass transport, resulting in the formation of surface relief gratings [4][5][6][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. The polymer mass redistribution induced by an interference pattern of two laser beams takes place well below the polymer's glass transition temperature T g .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous mechanisms [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] have been proposed to explain the origin of surface relief gratings in polymers functionalized with azobenzenes. They include thermal gradient mechanisms, asymmetric diffusion based on the creation of a concentration gradient [21][22][23], isomerization pressure [24,25], mechanisms based on electromagnetic forces -mean field theory [18,26], permittivity gradient theory [27] and gradient electric force [15,19,28]. Studying a range of polymers with the same chromophore under the same experimental conditions should shed some light on the relationship between polymer matrix and the magnitude of photoinduced optical anisotropy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holographic grating recording in azobenzene functionalized polymers

et al. 2006

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A group of 22 polymers have been synthesized to test their suitability for recording holographic gratings. Polyamides, polyimides, polyesters and their combinations were functionalized with pendant azobenzene groups containing single or double N=N. The polymers were studied using a standard degenerate two-wave mixing technique, which enables measurement of light-induced periodic modification of polymer refractive index and absorption coefficient by analysis of the diffracted light. Two qualitatively different configurations of the holographic polarization recording were used, s − s and s − p. The relationship between structural properties of polymer matrix and azobenzene groups and the holographic grating recording kinetics and light diffraction efficiency was investigated.

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Analysis of the Kinetics of Diffraction Efficiency during the Holographic Grating Recording in Azobenzene Functionalized Polymers

Sobolewska

Miniewicz

2007

J. Phys. Chem. B

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The laser-assisted holographic grating recording process in films of azobenzene functionalized polymers is usually studied by observation of the efficiency of light scattering on a developing in time diffraction grating. Various possible mechanisms contributing to grating formation as well as the bulk or surface origin (bulk refractive index and/or relief grating) of light scattering make the analysis of kinetics of grating recording, from the light scattering data only, difficult and ambiguous. To fully explain experimentally observed various and complex (frequently nonexponential) kinetics of the first-order light diffraction intensity, we considered a simple single-exponential growth of the two phase gratings in the same polymer film. In modeling we assumed that the bulk refractive index grating Deltan(t) and the surface relief grating Deltad(t) differ considerably in their growth rates and we allowed for a nonstationary phase shift Deltaphi(t) between them which was experimentally observed during the recording process. The origin of the nonstationary phase shift is a result of a slow shift of interference pattern due to delicate symmetry breaking in illumination conditions (e.g., difference in beam intensities and deviation of exact symmetrical beam incidence angles on the sample). Changing only such parameters as stationary amplitudes of refractive index and relief gratings for a span of phase shifts (0-pi) between them, we obtained a series of kinetic responses which we discuss and interpret. The various examples of temporal evolution of diffraction efficiency for the same grating formation kinetics, modeled in our work, supply evidence that great care must be taken to properly interpret the experimental results.

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Polarization Dependent Holographic Write, Read and Erasure of Surface Relief Gratings on Azopolymer Films

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Chromophore concentration effect on holographic grating formation efficiency in novel azobenzene‐functionalized polymers

Chromophore concentration effect on holographic grating formation efficiency in novel azobenzene‐functionalized polymers

Holographic grating recording in azobenzene functionalized polymers

Analysis of the Kinetics of Diffraction Efficiency during the Holographic Grating Recording in Azobenzene Functionalized Polymers

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