Polarization Diversity Pulse-Pair Technique for Millimeter-WaveDoppler Radar Measurements of Severe Storm Features

Pazmany, Andrew L.; Galloway, J.; Mead, J.B.; PopStefanija, Ivan; McIntosh, R.E.; Bluestein, Howard

doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<1900:pdpptf>2.0.co;2

Cited by 45 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…The effect of cross polarization is to produce an interference signal in each copolar channel depending on the temporal shift between the H and V pair and the strength of the cross-polar power (which is given by the product of the LDR and the copolar power) and appear as ghost echoes (Battaglia et al 2013). The phases of ghost echoes are incoherent with respect to the echoes of interest and so do not bias the velocity estimates, but they increase their random error as a function of SGR (Pazmany et al 1999); as illustrated by the dashed lines in Fig. 3, when the SGR falls to 0 and −5 dB, this random error increases rapidly for shorter integration lengths.…”

Section: Potential Spurious Signals From the Doppler Radar Ground CLmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As explained in the "Why polarization diversity?" sidebar, WIVERN overcomes this dilemma by estimating the Doppler velocity using the polarization-diversity pulse-pair (PDPP) technique (Pazmany et al 1999) and would transmit a pair of pulses: one with horizontal polarization (H) and the other with vertical (V), with a short separation, T hv . A value of 20 μs is proposed for T hv so that the folding velocity is 40 m s −1 and large enough to comfortably exceed the errors of the winds calculated in the NWP models.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…If it were to use the same 4-kHz PRF as CloudSat, in each kilometer it could transmit 10 H-V pulse pairs each with a 20-μs separation to measure Doppler, interleaved with two single H or V pulses to measure the LDR of the targets to flag any potential problems of cross talk between the two polarizations. The 10 pulse pairs would alternate between H-V and V-H to distinguish between phase shifts due to Doppler and to differential phase shift on backscatter (Pazmany et al 1999). The predicted Doppler accuracies for 1-, 5-, and 20-km integrations are displayed in Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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WIVERN: A New Satellite Concept to Provide Global In-Cloud Winds, Precipitation, and Cloud Properties

Battaglia

Illingworth

Wolde

2018

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

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This paper presents a conically scanning spaceborne Dopplerized 94-GHz radar Earth science mission concept: Wind Velocity Radar Nephoscope (WIVERN). WIVERN aims to provide global measurements of in-cloud winds using the Doppler-shifted radar returns from hydrometeors. The conically scanning radar could provide wind data with daily revisits poleward of 50°, 50-km horizontal resolution, and approximately 1-km vertical resolution. The measured winds, when assimilated into weather forecasts and provided they are representative of the larger-scale mean flow, should lead to further improvements in the accuracy and effectiveness of forecasts of severe weather and better focusing of activities to limit damage and loss of life. It should also be possible to characterize the more variable winds associated with local convection. Polarization diversity would be used to enable high wind speeds to be unambiguously observed; analysis indicates that artifacts associated with polarization diversity are rare and can be identified. Winds should be measurable down to 1 km above the ocean surface and 2 km over land. The potential impact of the WIVERN winds on reducing forecast errors is estimated by comparison with the known positive impact of cloud motion and aircraft winds. The main thrust of WIVERN is observing in-cloud winds, but WIVERN should also provide global estimates of ice water content, cloud cover, and vertical distribution, continuing the data series started by CloudSat with the conical scan giving increased coverage. As with CloudSat, estimates of rainfall and snowfall rates should be possible. These nonwind products may also have a positive impact when assimilated into weather forecasts.

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Section: Potential Spurious Signals From the Doppler Radar Ground CLmentioning

confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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WIVERN: A New Satellite Concept to Provide Global In-Cloud Winds, Precipitation, and Cloud Properties

Battaglia

Illingworth

Wolde

2018

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

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“…One efficient way to overcome the constraint imposed by (4) is to adopt a pulse polarization diversity strategy as described in [19,20]. On one hand, this choice increases the technological requirements and is subject to some limitations in its use, among them the fact that spectral processing could not be applied, hence narrowing the choice of spectral moment estimators to the Pulse Pair category.…”

Section: A Normalized Doppler Widthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spaceborne Doppler radars for atmospheric dynamics and energy budget studies

Tanelli

Durden

et al. 2008

2008 IEEE Radar Conference

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The successful deployments of the first spaceborne precipitation radar (TRMMIPR KU-band, 1997 [1]) and spaceborne cloud radar (CloudSat/CPR W-band, 2006 [2]) have demonstrated the feasibility of monitoring atmospheric processes from space with vertical resolutions of a few hundred meters. Future missions being implemented (EarthCARE, Wband [3]) or envisaged (ACE, Ka-and W-band [4]) include use of coherent detection to measure the first moment of the Doppler spectrum to observe and analyze the dynamics of atmospheric systems. In this talk we discuss the main challenges and potentials of measuring the Doppler velocity of clouds and precipitation from space.

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“…The capability of building such a large statistics over the entire tropics and for all the stages of development of the convection would not only allow us to better quantify the various terms of the energy budget but also to improve convection parameterization relevant for cloud and climate model. Weather forecast 1 applications along with assimilation crave also use such dynamical information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D wind field from spaceborne Doppler radar

Lemaître

Viltard

2013

SPIE Proceedings

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Numerous space radar missions are presently envisioned to study the water cycle in the tropics. Among them, the DYCECT (DYnamique, énergie et Cycle de l'Eau dans la Convection Tropicale) mission, a French proposal (submitted to the French CNES Agency), could embark a Doppler radar (W-band or Ka-band) with scanning possibilities onboard a low-orbiting satellite. This instrument could be implemented in addition to a Passive Microwave Radiometer (PMR), and eventually an improved ScaraB-like broadband radiometer, and a lightning detection instrument. This package will document the ice microphysics and the heat budgets. Since the microphysics and the water and energy budgets are strongly driven by the dynamics, the addition of a Doppler radar with scanning possibilities could provide valuable information (3D wind and rain fields) and a large statistic of such critical information over the entire tropics and for all the stages of development. These new information could be used to better understand the tropical convection and to improve convection parameterization relevant for cloud and climate models. It could be used also to associate direct applications such as now-casting and risk prevention. The present study focuses on the feasibility of such 3D wind field retrieval from spaceborne radar. It uses a simulator of some parts of the spaceborne radar in order i) to evaluate the sensitivity of the retrieved wind fields to the scanning strategies and sampling parameters, and to the instrumental and platform parameters and ii) to determine the best parameters providing the most accurate wind fields.

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Polarization Diversity Pulse-Pair Technique for Millimeter-WaveDoppler Radar Measurements of Severe Storm Features

Cited by 45 publications

References 13 publications

WIVERN: A New Satellite Concept to Provide Global In-Cloud Winds, Precipitation, and Cloud Properties

WIVERN: A New Satellite Concept to Provide Global In-Cloud Winds, Precipitation, and Cloud Properties

Spaceborne Doppler radars for atmospheric dynamics and energy budget studies

3D wind field from spaceborne Doppler radar

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