Polarization dynamics and low-frequency fluctuations in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers subjected to optical feedback

Chaos dynamics in vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor lasers with polarization-selected optical feedback

“…In addition to similar feedback-induced dynamics as observed in edge-emitting semiconductor lasers, VCSEL shows extra instabilities, for example, polarization instabilities depending on the bias injection current, feedback strength, and feedback cavity length. Several experimental and theoretical studies for the dynamics in VCSELs with optical feedback have been reported up to the present [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Also the dynamics of polarization-selected optical feedback in VCSELs have been studied [17][18][19].…”

Bistability conditions between lasing and non-lasing states for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with frequency-selective optical feedback

“…The values R 2 = 0.994 and κ = 250 ns −1 (the latter corresponds to R 1 = 0.998, τ in = 24 f s, index n gr = 3.6 and intracavity losses a = 20 cm −1 ) suggested in 14 for VCSELs of the same type and α = 5 proved to be reasonable in our previous studies. 10,15,16 The HWHM of the grating is 14.4π GHz for the double pass (in accordance with a single-pass bandwidth of 20 GHz).…”

Relative Intensity Noise of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) with Polarization-Selective Feedback

“…Although VCSELs have very high facet reflectivity (99%), they remain as sensitive as edge-emitting laser diodes to the effects of optical feedback because of their very short cavity lengths and large emitting areas. Previously, polarization dynamics with optical feedback were also investigated experimentally [2]. Robert et al showed that polarized optical feedback can be used to switch the polarization of VCSELs between two linearly polarized eigenstates [3].…”