Polarization effects in optical microresonators

Nasir, Mohammad; Gorajoobi, Shahab Bakhtiari; Murugan, Ganapathy Senthil; Zervas, M.N.

doi:10.1364/josab.36.000705

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the single-resonator case, counterpropagating modes can be coupled by backscattering [7], and copropagating modes of the same polarization have been coupled by making use of differential tuning [4,5]. Recently, behaviors that depend on mode polarization have been of growing interest [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], and we have investigated cross-polarization coupling (CPC) of copropagating whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) in a single microresonator [20,21]. CPC, which results from the spin-orbit interaction of light [20], leads to coupled-mode induced transparency (CMIT), Autler-Townes splitting (ATS), and coupled-mode induced attenuation (CMIA), all of which we have studied experimentally [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetrical Cross-Polarization Coupling in a Whispering-Gallery Microresonator

Sandoval,

Rosenberger

2024

Photonics

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Cross-polarization coupling between transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) whispering-gallery modes in an optical microresonator produces effects such as coupled-mode induced transparency (CMIT). The detailed analytical theory of this coupling indicates that the TE-to-TM and TM-to-TE couplings may have different strengths. Using an experimental setup centered around a hollow bottle resonator and polarization-sensitive throughput detection, that had been used in previous CMIT experiments, this asymmetry was confirmed and studied. By fitting the throughput spectra of both polarizations to the numerical output of a basic model, the asymmetry parameter defined as the ratio of the coupling amplitudes was determined from the output power in the polarization orthogonal to that of the input. The results of many experiments give a range for this ratio, roughly from 0.2 to 4, that agrees with the range predicted by the detailed theory. An analytical approximation of this ratio shows that the main reason for the asymmetry is a difference in the axial orders of the coupled modes. In some experimental cases, the orthogonal output is not well fitted by the model that assumes a single mode of each polarization, and we demonstrate that this fitting discrepancy can be the result of additional mode interactions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetrical Cross-Polarization Coupling in a Whispering-Gallery Microresonator

Sandoval,

Rosenberger

2024

Photonics

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“…The effects of polarization in whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonators are of increasing interest and importance. [1][2][3][4][5][6] We have studied coupled-mode-induced transparency (CMIT) and Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) with pulse delay, and coupled-mode-induced attenuation (CMIA) with pulse advancement or delay, when there is coupling between two coresonant modes with very different quality factors (Qs) and orthogonal polarizations. [7][8][9][10] These behaviors may be exploited for numerous applications such as signal processing and optical sensing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of effects involving coresonant whispering-gallery modes of orthogonal polarization

Rosenberger¹

2023

Quantum Sensing, Imaging, and Precision Metrology

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Coresonant, but orthogonally polarized, whispering gallery modes can couple to each other via the optical spin-orbit interaction. This cross-polarization coupling (CPC) can result in coupled-mode-induced transparency, attenuation, or Autler-Townes splitting. By fitting observed throughput spectra to a numerical model, the CPC strength can be determined and found to agree with the theory. The throughput response to input amplitude modulation provides an independent method of measuring the CPC strength. Observation and fitting of throughput spectra of both polarizations confirms that CPC is nonreciprocal. Induced transparency and attenuation can be observed even without CPC, by utilizing mode superposition. All these effects will be reviewed.

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“…[1][2][3] These behaviors may be exploited for numerous applications such as signal processing and optical sensing. [4][5][6] Polarization effects are of growing interest, [7][8][9][10][11][12] and our work has involved coresonant orthogonally polarized whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) interacting through cross-polarization coupling (CPC) 1,13,14 or because the input is a linear superposition of TE and TM. 15 (See paper 12447-130 in this session for a review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonreciprocal cross-polarization coupling in whispering-gallery microresonators

Sandoval¹,

Haq²,

Rosenberger³

2023

Quantum Sensing, Imaging, and Precision Metrology

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Coupling of light from a microresonator TE mode to a coresonant TM mode will have a different strength than that of coupling from the TM mode to the TE mode. This coupling nonreciprocity, deriving from the optical spin-orbit interaction, is modeled numerically and confirmed experimentally by observing coupled-mode induced transparency and Autler-Townes splitting. By measuring the throughput spectrum in both polarizations when the input directly excites modes of only one polarization, the coupling strengths in both directions can be determined simultaneously by fitting to the numerical model. Some examples and implications are discussed here.

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Polarization effects in optical microresonators

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Asymmetrical Cross-Polarization Coupling in a Whispering-Gallery Microresonator

Asymmetrical Cross-Polarization Coupling in a Whispering-Gallery Microresonator

Review of effects involving coresonant whispering-gallery modes of orthogonal polarization

Nonreciprocal cross-polarization coupling in whispering-gallery microresonators

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